Update dependency @effect/language-service to ^0.84.0

Upgrade dependencies
2026-03-27 12:01:39 +00:00 · 2026-03-25 13:11:46 +01:00 · 2026-03-25 12:45:15 +01:00 · 2026-03-25 12:41:26 +01:00 · 2026-03-25 05:07:04 +01:00 · 2026-03-25 04:56:40 +01:00
39 changed files with 1529 additions and 1346 deletions
--- a/.codex
+++ b/.codex
--- a/bun.lock
+++ b/bun.lock
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@effect-fc/monorepo",
-  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.13",
+  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.11",
  "private": true,
  "workspaces": [
    "./packages/*"
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
    "clean:modules": "turbo clean:modules && rm -rf node_modules"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "^2.4.14",
-    "@effect/language-service": "^0.85.1",
-    "@types/bun": "^1.3.13",
-    "npm-check-updates": "^22.1.0",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "^2.4.8",
+    "@effect/language-service": "^0.84.0",
+    "@types/bun": "^1.3.11",
+    "npm-check-updates": "^19.6.5",
    "npm-sort": "^0.0.4",
-    "turbo": "^2.9.8",
-    "typescript": "^6.0.3"
+    "turbo": "^2.8.20",
+    "typescript": "^6.0.2"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/docs/blog/2019-05-28-first-blog-post.md
+++ b/packages/docs/blog/2019-05-28-first-blog-post.md
@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ tags: [hola, docusaurus]

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...

+<!-- truncate -->
+
 ...consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque elementum dignissim ultricies. Fusce rhoncus ipsum tempor eros aliquam consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
--- a/packages/docs/blog/2019-05-29-long-blog-post.md
+++ b/packages/docs/blog/2019-05-29-long-blog-post.md
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ This is the summary of a very long blog post,

 Use a `<!--` `truncate` `-->` comment to limit blog post size in the list view.

+<!-- truncate -->
+
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque elementum dignissim ultricies. Fusce rhoncus ipsum tempor eros aliquam consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque elementum dignissim ultricies. Fusce rhoncus ipsum tempor eros aliquam consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
--- a/packages/docs/blog/2021-08-26-welcome/index.md
+++ b/packages/docs/blog/2021-08-26-welcome/index.md
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ tags: [facebook, hello, docusaurus]

 Here are a few tips you might find useful.

+<!-- truncate -->
+
 Simply add Markdown files (or folders) to the `blog` directory.

 Regular blog authors can be added to `authors.yml`.
--- a/packages/docs/package.json
+++ b/packages/docs/package.json
@@ -15,20 +15,19 @@
    "typecheck": "tsc"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@docusaurus/core": "3.10.1",
-    "@docusaurus/faster": "^3.10.1",
-    "@docusaurus/preset-classic": "3.10.1",
-    "@mdx-js/react": "^3.1.1",
-    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
-    "prism-react-renderer": "^2.4.1",
-    "react": "^19.2.5",
-    "react-dom": "^19.2.5"
+    "@docusaurus/core": "3.9.2",
+    "@docusaurus/preset-classic": "3.9.2",
+    "@mdx-js/react": "^3.0.0",
+    "clsx": "^2.0.0",
+    "prism-react-renderer": "^2.3.0",
+    "react": "^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^19.0.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@docusaurus/module-type-aliases": "3.10.1",
-    "@docusaurus/tsconfig": "3.10.1",
-    "@docusaurus/types": "3.10.1",
-    "typescript": "~6.0.3"
+    "@docusaurus/module-type-aliases": "3.9.2",
+    "@docusaurus/tsconfig": "3.9.2",
+    "@docusaurus/types": "3.9.2",
+    "typescript": "~5.9.0"
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
--- a/packages/effect-fc/package.json
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "effect-fc",
  "description": "Write React function components with Effect",
-  "version": "0.2.6",
+  "version": "0.2.4",
  "type": "module",
  "files": [
    "./README.md",
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@
    "react": "^19.2.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "effect-lens": "^0.1.5"
+    "effect-lens": "^0.1.1"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Component.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Component.ts
@@ -500,31 +500,6 @@ export const makeUntraced: (
        )
 )

-export declare namespace withSignature {
-    export type Signature = (props: any) => React.ReactNode
-
-    export type Result<
-        T extends Component<any, any, any, any>,
-        F extends Signature,
-    > = Omit<T, "use" | "asFunctionComponent"> & {
-        readonly use: Effect.Effect<F, never, Exclude<Component.Context<T>, Scope.Scope>>
-        asFunctionComponent(
-            runtimeRef: React.Ref<Runtime.Runtime<Exclude<Component.Context<T>, Scope.Scope>>>
-        ): F
-    }
-}
-
-export const withSignature: {
-    <F extends withSignature.Signature>(): <T extends Component<any, any, any, any>>(
-        self: T
-    ) => withSignature.Result<T, F>
-    <F extends withSignature.Signature, T extends Component<any, any, any, any>>(
-        self: T
-    ): withSignature.Result<T, F>
-} = (self?: Component<any, any, any, any>): any => self === undefined
-    ? identity
-    : self
-
 /**
 * Creates a new component with modified configuration options while preserving all original behavior.
 *
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Form.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Form.ts
@@ -1,157 +1,293 @@
-import { Array, type Cause, Chunk, type Duration, Effect, Equal, Function, identity, Option, type ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, type Scope, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
+import { Array, Cause, Chunk, type Context, type Duration, Effect, Equal, Exit, Fiber, flow, Hash, HashMap, identity, Option, ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, Ref, Schema, type Scope, Stream } from "effect"
 import type * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"
 import * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
+import * as Mutation from "./Mutation.js"
+import * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
+import * as Result from "./Result.js"
 import * as Subscribable from "./Subscribable.js"
+import * as SubscriptionRef from "./SubscriptionRef.js"


 export const FormTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/Form")
 export type FormTypeId = typeof FormTypeId

-export interface Form<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], in out A, in out I = A, in out ER = never, in out EW = never>
+export interface Form<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
 extends Pipeable.Pipeable {
    readonly [FormTypeId]: FormTypeId

-    readonly path: P
-    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, ER, never>
-    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, ER, EW, never, never>
-    readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never>
-    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, ER, never>
-    readonly canCommit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-    readonly isCommitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
+    readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
+    readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>
+    readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
+        readonly [value: A, form: Form<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+        MA, ME, MR, MP
+    >
+    readonly autosubmit: boolean
+    readonly debounce: Option.Option<Duration.DurationInput>
+
+    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>>
+    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I>
+    readonly error: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<ParseResult.ParseError>>
+    readonly validationFiber: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>>
+
+    readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+
+    field<const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<I>>(
+        path: P
+    ): Effect.Effect<FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>>
+
+    readonly run: Effect.Effect<void>
+    readonly submit: Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>
 }

-export class FormImpl<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], in out A, in out I = A, in out ER = never, in out EW = never>
-extends Pipeable.Class() implements Form<P, A, I, ER, EW> {
+export class FormImpl<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
+extends Pipeable.Class() implements Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
    readonly [FormTypeId]: FormTypeId = FormTypeId

    constructor(
-        readonly path: P,
-        readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, ER, never>,
-        readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, ER, EW, never, never>,
-        readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never>,
-        readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-        readonly canCommit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-        readonly isCommitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
+        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>,
+        readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>,
+        readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
+            readonly [value: A, form: Form<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+            MA, ME, MR, MP
+        >,
+        readonly autosubmit: boolean,
+        readonly debounce: Option.Option<Duration.DurationInput>,
+
+        readonly value: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<A>>,
+        readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I>,
+        readonly error: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<ParseResult.ParseError>>,
+        readonly validationFiber: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>>,
+
+        readonly runSemaphore: Effect.Semaphore,
+        readonly fieldCache: Ref.Ref<HashMap.HashMap<FormFieldKey, FormField<unknown, unknown>>>,
+    ) {
+        super()
+
+        this.canSubmit = Subscribable.map(
+            Subscribable.zipLatestAll(this.value, this.error, this.validationFiber, this.mutation.result),
+            ([value, error, validationFiber, result]) => (
+                Option.isSome(value) &&
+                Option.isNone(error) &&
+                Option.isNone(validationFiber) &&
+                !(Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result))
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+
+    field<const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<I>>(
+        path: P
+    ): Effect.Effect<FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>> {
+        const key = new FormFieldKey(path)
+        return this.fieldCache.pipe(
+            Effect.map(HashMap.get(key)),
+            Effect.flatMap(Option.match({
+                onSome: v => Effect.succeed(v as FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>),
+                onNone: () => Effect.tap(
+                    Effect.succeed(makeFormField(this as Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>, path)),
+                    v => Ref.update(this.fieldCache, HashMap.set(key, v as FormField<unknown, unknown>)),
+                ),
+            })),
+        )
+    }
+
+    readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+
+    get run(): Effect.Effect<void> {
+        return this.runSemaphore.withPermits(1)(Stream.runForEach(
+            this.encodedValue.changes.pipe(
+                Option.isSome(this.debounce) ? Stream.debounce(this.debounce.value) : identity
+            ),
+
+            encodedValue => Lens.get(this.validationFiber).pipe(
+                Effect.andThen(Option.match({
+                    onSome: Fiber.interrupt,
+                    onNone: () => Effect.void,
+                })),
+                Effect.andThen(
+                    Effect.forkScoped(Effect.onExit(
+                        Schema.decode(this.schema, { errors: "all" })(encodedValue),
+                        exit => Effect.andThen(
+                            Exit.matchEffect(exit, {
+                                onSuccess: v => Effect.andThen(
+                                    Lens.set(this.value, Option.some(v)),
+                                    Lens.set(this.error, Option.none()),
+                                ),
+                                onFailure: c => Option.match(Chunk.findFirst(Cause.failures(c), e => e._tag === "ParseError"), {
+                                    onSome: e => Lens.set(this.error, Option.some(e)),
+                                    onNone: () => Effect.void,
+                                }),
+                            }),
+                            Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.none()),
+                        ),
+                    )).pipe(
+                        Effect.tap(fiber => Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.some(fiber))),
+                        Effect.andThen(Fiber.join),
+                        Effect.andThen(value => this.autosubmit
+                            ? Effect.asVoid(Effect.forkScoped(this.submitValue(value)))
+                            : Effect.void
+                        ),
+                        Effect.forkScoped,
+                    )
+                ),
+                Effect.provide(this.context),
+            ),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    get submit(): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException> {
+        return Lens.get(this.value).pipe(
+            Effect.andThen(identity),
+            Effect.andThen(value => this.submitValue(value)),
+        )
+    }
+
+    submitValue(value: A): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>> {
+        return Effect.whenEffect(
+            Effect.tap(
+                this.mutation.mutate([value, this as any]),
+                result => Result.isFailure(result)
+                    ? Option.match(
+                        Chunk.findFirst(
+                            Cause.failures(result.cause as Cause.Cause<ParseResult.ParseError>),
+                            e => e._tag === "ParseError",
+                        ),
+                        {
+                            onSome: e => Lens.set(this.error, Option.some(e)),
+                            onNone: () => Effect.void,
+                        },
+                    )
+                    : Effect.void
+            ),
+            this.canSubmit.get,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+export const isForm = (u: unknown): u is Form<unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormTypeId)
+
+export declare namespace make {
+    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
+    extends Mutation.make.Options<
+        readonly [value: NoInfer<A>, form: Form<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<I>, NoInfer<R>, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+        MA, ME, MR, MP
+    > {
+        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
+        readonly initialEncodedValue: NoInfer<I>
+        readonly autosubmit?: boolean
+        readonly debounce?: Duration.DurationInput
+    }
+}
+
+export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
+    options: make.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
+): Effect.fn.Return<
+    Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>, MP>,
+    never,
+    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>
+> {
+    return new FormImpl(
+        options.schema,
+        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | R>(),
+        yield* Mutation.make(options),
+        options.autosubmit ?? false,
+        Option.fromNullable(options.debounce),
+
+        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<A>())),
+        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(options.initialEncodedValue)),
+        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<ParseResult.ParseError>())),
+        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>())),
+
+        yield* Effect.makeSemaphore(1),
+        yield* Ref.make(HashMap.empty<FormFieldKey, FormField<unknown, unknown>>()),
+    )
+})
+
+export declare namespace service {
+    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
+    extends make.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {}
+}
+
+export const service = <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
+    options: service.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
+): Effect.Effect<
+    Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>, MP>,
+    never,
+    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>
+> => Effect.tap(
+    make(options),
+    form => Effect.forkScoped(form.run),
+)
+
+
+export const FormFieldTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/FormField")
+export type FormFieldTypeId = typeof FormFieldTypeId
+
+export interface FormField<in out A, in out I = A>
+extends Pipeable.Pipeable {
+    readonly [FormFieldTypeId]: FormFieldTypeId
+
+    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>
+    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I>
+    readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>
+    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+    readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+}
+
+class FormFieldImpl<in out A, in out I = A>
+extends Pipeable.Class() implements FormField<A, I> {
+    readonly [FormFieldTypeId]: FormFieldTypeId = FormFieldTypeId
+
+    constructor(
+        readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>,
+        readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I>,
+        readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>,
+        readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>,
+        readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>,
    ) {
        super()
    }
 }

+const FormFieldKeyTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/FormFieldKey")
+type FormFieldKeyTypeId = typeof FormFieldKeyTypeId

-export const isForm = (u: unknown): u is Form<readonly PropertyKey[], unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormTypeId)
+class FormFieldKey implements Equal.Equal {
+    readonly [FormFieldKeyTypeId]: FormFieldKeyTypeId = FormFieldKeyTypeId
+    constructor(readonly path: PropertyPath.PropertyPath) {}

+    [Equal.symbol](that: Equal.Equal) {
+        return isFormFieldKey(that) && PropertyPath.equivalence(this.path, that.path)
+    }
+    [Hash.symbol]() {
+        return Hash.array(this.path)
+    }
+}

-const filterIssuesByPath = (
-    issues: readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[],
-    path: readonly PropertyKey[],
-): readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[] => Array.filter(issues, issue =>
-    issue.path.length >= path.length && Array.every(path, (p, i) => p === issue.path[i])
-)
+export const isFormField = (u: unknown): u is FormField<unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormFieldTypeId)
+const isFormFieldKey = (u: unknown): u is FormFieldKey => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormFieldKeyTypeId)

-export const focusObjectOn: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        key: K,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-        key: K,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    key: K,
-): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, key] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOption(form.value, a => a[key]),
-        Lens.focusObjectOn(form.encodedValue, key),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canCommit,
-        form.isCommitting,
+export const makeFormField = <A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP, const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<NoInfer<I>>>(
+    self: Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>,
+    path: P,
+): FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>> => {
+    return new FormFieldImpl(
+        Subscribable.mapEffect(self.value, Option.match({
+            onSome: v => Option.map(PropertyPath.get(v, path), Option.some),
+            onNone: () => Option.some(Option.none()),
+        })),
+        Lens.map(self.encodedValue, a => Option.getOrThrow(PropertyPath.get(a, path)), (a, b) => Option.getOrThrow(PropertyPath.immutableSet(a, path, b))),
+        Subscribable.mapEffect(self.error, Option.match({
+            onSome: flow(
+                ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError,
+                Effect.map(Array.filter(issue => PropertyPath.equivalence(issue.path, path))),
+            ),
+            onNone: () => Effect.succeed([]),
+        })),
+        Subscribable.map(self.validationFiber, Option.isSome),
+        Subscribable.map(self.mutation.result, result => Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result)),
    )
-})
-
-export const focusArrayAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        index: number,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-        index: number,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    index: number,
-): Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOptionEffect(form.value, Array.get(index)),
-        Lens.focusArrayAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canCommit,
-        form.isCommitting,
-    )
-})
-
-export const focusTupleAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        index: K,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-        index: K,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    index: K,
-): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOption(form.value, Array.unsafeGet(index)),
-        Lens.focusTupleAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canCommit,
-        form.isCommitting,
-    )
-})
-
-export const focusChunkAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-        self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>,
-        index: number,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-        index: number,
-    ): (self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>,
-    index: number,
-): Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOptionEffect(form.value, Chunk.get(index)),
-        Lens.focusChunkAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canCommit,
-        form.isCommitting,
-    )
-})
+}


 export namespace useInput {
@@ -165,19 +301,19 @@ export namespace useInput {
    }
 }

-export const useInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    form: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
+export const useInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I>(
+    field: FormField<A, I>,
    options?: useInput.Options,
-): Effect.fn.Return<useInput.Success<I>, ER, Scope.Scope> {
+): Effect.fn.Return<useInput.Success<I>, Cause.NoSuchElementException, Scope.Scope> {
    const internalValueLens = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const internalValueLens = yield* Lens.get(form.encodedValue).pipe(
+        const internalValueLens = yield* Lens.get(field.encodedValue).pipe(
            Effect.flatMap(SubscriptionRef.make),
            Effect.map(Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
        )

        yield* Effect.forkScoped(Effect.all([
            Stream.runForEach(
-                Stream.drop(form.encodedValue.changes, 1),
+                Stream.drop(field.encodedValue.changes, 1),
                upstreamEncodedValue => Effect.whenEffect(
                    Lens.set(internalValueLens, upstreamEncodedValue),
                    Effect.andThen(Lens.get(internalValueLens), internalValue => !Equal.equals(upstreamEncodedValue, internalValue)),
@@ -190,12 +326,12 @@ export const useInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <P extends readonly Property
                    Stream.changesWith(Equal.equivalence()),
                    options?.debounce ? Stream.debounce(options.debounce) : identity,
                ),
-                internalValue => Lens.set(form.encodedValue, internalValue),
+                internalValue => Lens.set(field.encodedValue, internalValue),
            ),
-        ], { concurrency: "unbounded", discard: true }))
+        ], { concurrency: "unbounded" }))

        return internalValueLens
-    }), [form, options?.debounce])
+    }), [field, options?.debounce])

    const [value, setValue] = yield* Lens.useState(internalValueLens)
    return { value, setValue }
@@ -212,10 +348,10 @@ export namespace useOptionalInput {
    }
 }

-export const useOptionalInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    field: Form<P, A, Option.Option<I>, ER, EW>,
+export const useOptionalInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I>(
+    field: FormField<A, Option.Option<I>>,
    options: useOptionalInput.Options<I>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<useOptionalInput.Success<I>, ER, Scope.Scope> {
+): Effect.fn.Return<useOptionalInput.Success<I>, Cause.NoSuchElementException, Scope.Scope> {
    const [enabledLens, internalValueLens] = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
        const [enabledLens, internalValueLens] = yield* Effect.flatMap(
            Lens.get(field.encodedValue),
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Lens.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Lens.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Lens } from "effect-lens"
 import * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"
 import * as SetStateAction from "./SetStateAction.js"
+import * as SubscriptionRef from "./SubscriptionRef.js"


-export * from "effect-lens/Lens"
-
 export declare namespace useState {
    export interface Options<A> {
        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
@@ -37,15 +36,15 @@ export const useState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, ER, EW, RR, RW>(
    return [reactStateValue, setValue]
 })

-export declare namespace useFromReactState {
+export declare namespace useFromState {
    export interface Options<A> {
        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
    }
 }

-export const useFromReactState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(
+export const useFromState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(
    [value, setValue]: readonly [A, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<A>>],
-    options?: useFromReactState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
+    options?: useFromState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
 ): Effect.fn.Return<Lens.Lens<A, never, never, never, never>> {
    const lens = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.map(
        SubscriptionRef.make(value),
@@ -60,3 +59,5 @@ export const useFromReactState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(

    return lens
 })
+
+export * from "effect-lens/Lens"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Mutation.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Mutation.ts
@@ -99,10 +99,8 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements Mutation<K, A, E, R, P> {
    }
 }

-
 export const isMutation = (u: unknown): u is Mutation<readonly unknown[], unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, MutationTypeId)

-
 export declare namespace make {
    export interface Options<K extends Mutation.AnyKey = never, A = void, E = never, R = never, P = never> {
        readonly f: (key: K) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Result.forkEffect.InputContext<R, NoInfer<P>>>
@@ -113,12 +111,12 @@ export declare namespace make {
 export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const K extends Mutation.AnyKey = never, A = void, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    Mutation<K, A, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Mutation<K, A, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > {
    return new MutationImpl(
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>>(),
+        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>>(),
        options.f as any,
        options.initialProgress as P,

--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Option } from "effect"
+import * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
+
+
+describe("immutableSet with arrays", () => {
+    test("sets a top-level array element", () => {
+        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [1], 99)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([1, 99, 3]))
+    })
+
+    test("does not mutate the original array", () => {
+        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
+        PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [0], 42)
+        expect(arr).toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+    })
+
+    test("sets the first element of an array", () => {
+        const arr = ["a", "b", "c"]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [0], "z")
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some(["z", "b", "c"]))
+    })
+
+    test("sets the last element of an array", () => {
+        const arr = [10, 20, 30]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [2], 99)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([10, 20, 99]))
+    })
+
+    test("sets a nested array element inside an object", () => {
+        const obj = { tags: ["foo", "bar", "baz"] }
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(obj, ["tags", 1], "qux")
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some({ tags: ["foo", "qux", "baz"] }))
+    })
+
+    test("sets a deeply nested value inside an array of objects", () => {
+        const obj = { items: [{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }] }
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(obj, ["items", 0, "name"], "charlie")
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some({ items: [{ name: "charlie" }, { name: "bob" }] }))
+    })
+
+    test("sets a value in a nested array", () => {
+        const matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(matrix, [1, 0], 99)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([[1, 2], [99, 4]]))
+    })
+
+    test("returns Option.none() for an out-of-bounds index", () => {
+        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [5], 99)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.none())
+    })
+
+    test("returns Option.none() for a non-numeric key on an array", () => {
+        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
+        // @ts-expect-error intentionally wrong key type
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, ["length"], 0)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.none())
+    })
+
+    test("empty path returns Option.some of the value itself", () => {
+        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
+        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [], [9, 9, 9] as any)
+        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([9, 9, 9]))
+    })
+})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { Array, Equivalence, Function, Option, Predicate } from "effect"
+
+
+export type PropertyPath = readonly PropertyKey[]
+
+type Prev = readonly [never, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+
+export type Paths<T, D extends number = 5, Seen = never> = readonly [] | (
+    D extends never ? readonly [] :
+    T extends Seen ? readonly [] :
+    T extends readonly any[] ? {
+        [K in keyof T as K extends number ? K : never]:
+            | readonly [K]
+            | readonly [K, ...Paths<T[K], Prev[D], Seen | T>]
+    } extends infer O
+        ? O[keyof O]
+        : never
+    :
+    T extends object ? {
+        [K in keyof T as K extends string | number | symbol ? K : never]-?:
+            NonNullable<T[K]> extends infer V
+                ? readonly [K] | readonly [K, ...Paths<V, Prev[D], Seen>]
+                : never
+    } extends infer O
+        ? O[keyof O]
+        : never
+    :
+    never
+)
+
+export type ValueFromPath<T, P extends readonly any[]> = P extends readonly [infer Head, ...infer Tail]
+    ? Head extends keyof T
+        ? ValueFromPath<T[Head], Tail>
+        : T extends readonly any[]
+            ? Head extends number
+                ? ValueFromPath<T[number], Tail>
+                : never
+            : never
+    : T
+
+
+export const equivalence: Equivalence.Equivalence<PropertyPath> = Equivalence.array(Equivalence.strict())
+
+export const unsafeGet: {
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(path: P): (self: T) => ValueFromPath<T, P>
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P): ValueFromPath<T, P>
+} = Function.dual(2, <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P): ValueFromPath<T, P> =>
+    path.reduce((acc: any, key: any) => acc?.[key], self)
+)
+
+export const get: {
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(path: P): (self: T) => Option.Option<ValueFromPath<T, P>>
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P): Option.Option<ValueFromPath<T, P>>
+} = Function.dual(2, <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P): Option.Option<ValueFromPath<T, P>> =>
+    path.reduce(
+        (acc: Option.Option<any>, key: any): Option.Option<any> => Option.isSome(acc)
+            ? Predicate.hasProperty(acc.value, key)
+                ? Option.some(acc.value[key])
+                : Option.none()
+            : acc,
+
+        Option.some(self),
+    )
+)
+
+export const immutableSet: {
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(path: P, value: ValueFromPath<T, P>): (self: T) => Option.Option<T>
+    <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P, value: ValueFromPath<T, P>): Option.Option<T>
+} = Function.dual(3, <T, const P extends Paths<T>>(self: T, path: P, value: ValueFromPath<T, P>): Option.Option<T> => {
+    const key = Array.head(path as PropertyPath)
+    if (Option.isNone(key))
+        return Option.some(value as T)
+    if (!Predicate.hasProperty(self, key.value))
+        return Option.none()
+
+    const child = immutableSet<any, any>(self[key.value], Option.getOrThrow(Array.tail(path as PropertyPath)), value)
+    if (Option.isNone(child))
+        return child
+
+    if (Array.isArray(self))
+        return typeof key.value === "number"
+            ? Option.some([
+                ...self.slice(0, key.value),
+                child.value,
+                ...self.slice(key.value + 1),
+            ] as T)
+            : Option.none()
+
+    if (typeof self === "object")
+        return Option.some(
+            Object.assign(
+                Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(self)),
+                { ...self, [key.value]: child.value },
+            )
+        )
+
+    return Option.none()
+})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/PubSub.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/PubSub.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"


-export const useFromReactiveValues = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const A extends React.DependencyList>(
+export const usePubSubFromReactiveValues = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const A extends React.DependencyList>(
    values: A
 ): Effect.fn.Return<PubSub.PubSub<A>, never, Scope.Scope> {
    const pubsub = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.acquireRelease(PubSub.unbounded<A>(), PubSub.shutdown))
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Query.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Query.ts
@@ -266,10 +266,8 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, R, P> {
    }
 }

-
 export const isQuery = (u: unknown): u is Query<readonly unknown[], unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, QueryTypeId)

-
 export declare namespace make {
    export interface Options<K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE = never, KR = never, E = never, R = never, P = never> {
        readonly key: Stream.Stream<K, KE, KR>
@@ -283,14 +281,14 @@ export declare namespace make {
 export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE = never, KR = never, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, KE, KR, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > {
    const client = yield* QueryClient.QueryClient

-    return new QueryImpl<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>(
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>>(),
+    return new QueryImpl<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>(
+        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>>(),
        options.key,
        options.f as any,
        options.initialProgress as P,
@@ -310,9 +308,9 @@ export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE =
 export const service = <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE = never, KR = never, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, KE, KR, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.Effect<
-    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > => Effect.tap(
    make(options),
    query => Effect.forkScoped(query.run),
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Result.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Result.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { Cause, Context, Data, Effect, Equal, Exit, type Fiber, Hash, Layer, Match, Pipeable, Predicate, PubSub, pipe, Ref, type Scope, Stream, type Subscribable, SynchronizedRef } from "effect"
-import { Lens } from "effect-lens"
+import { Cause, Context, Data, Effect, Equal, Exit, type Fiber, Hash, Layer, Match, Pipeable, Predicate, PubSub, pipe, Ref, type Scope, Stream, Subscribable } from "effect"


 export const ResultTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Result/Result")
@@ -16,6 +15,10 @@ export type Final<A, E = never, P = never> = (Success<A> | Failure<E>) & ({} | F
 export type Flags<P = never> = WillFetch | WillRefresh | Refreshing<P>

 export declare namespace Result {
+    export interface Prototype extends Pipeable.Pipeable, Equal.Equal {
+        readonly [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId
+    }
+
    export type Success<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer A, infer _E, infer _P>] ? A : never
    export type Failure<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer _A, infer E, infer _P>] ? E : never
    export type Progress<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer _A, infer _E, infer P>] ? P : never
@@ -25,21 +28,21 @@ export declare namespace Flags {
    export type Keys = keyof WillFetch & WillRefresh & Refreshing<any>
 }

-export interface Initial extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Initial extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Initial"
 }

-export interface Running<P = never> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Running<P = never> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Running"
    readonly progress: P
 }

-export interface Success<A> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Success<A> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Success"
    readonly value: A
 }

-export interface Failure<E = never> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Failure<E = never> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Failure"
    readonly cause: Cause.Cause<E>
 }
@@ -58,11 +61,7 @@ export interface Refreshing<P = never> {
 }


-export interface ResultPrototype extends Pipeable.Pipeable, Equal.Equal {
-    readonly [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId
-}
-
-export const ResultPrototype: ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
+const ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
    ...Pipeable.Prototype,
    [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId,

@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ export const ResultPrototype: ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
            Hash.cached(this),
        )
    },
-} as const)
+} as const satisfies Result.Prototype)


 export const isResult = (u: unknown): u is Result<unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, ResultTypeId)
@@ -163,40 +162,52 @@ export const toExit: {
 }


-export interface Progress<P = never> {
-    readonly progress: Lens.Lens<P, PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing, never, never, never>
+export interface State<A, E = never, P = never> {
+    readonly get: Effect.Effect<Result<A, E, P>>
+    readonly set: (v: Result<A, E, P>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export const State = <A, E = never, P = never>(): Context.Tag<State<A, E, P>, State<A, E, P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/State")
+
+export interface Progress<P = never> {
+    readonly update: <E, R>(
+        f: (previous: P) => Effect.Effect<P, E, R>
+    ) => Effect.Effect<void, PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing | E, R>
 }
-export const Progress = <P = never>(): Context.Tag<Progress<P>, Progress<P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/Progress")

 export class PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing extends Data.TaggedError("@effect-fc/Result/PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing")<{
    readonly previous: Result<unknown, unknown, unknown>
 }> {}

-export const makeProgressLayer = <A, E, P = never>(
-    state: Lens.Lens<Result<A, E, P>, never, never, never, never>
-): Layer.Layer<Progress<P> | Progress<never>, never, never> => Layer.succeed(
-    Progress<P>() as Context.Tag<Progress<P> | Progress<never>, Progress<P> | Progress<never>>,
-    {
-        progress: state.pipe(
-            Lens.mapEffect(
-                a => (isRunning(a) || hasRefreshingFlag(a))
-                    ? Effect.succeed(a)
-                    : Effect.fail(new PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing({ previous: a })),
-                (_, b) => Effect.succeed(b),
+export const Progress = <P = never>(): Context.Tag<Progress<P>, Progress<P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/Progress")
+
+export const makeProgressLayer = <A, E, P = never>(): Layer.Layer<
+    Progress<P>,
+    never,
+    State<A, E, P>
+> => Layer.effect(Progress<P>(), Effect.gen(function*() {
+    const state = yield* State<A, E, P>()
+
+    return {
+        update: <FE, FR>(f: (previous: P) => Effect.Effect<P, FE, FR>) => Effect.Do.pipe(
+            Effect.bind("previous", () => Effect.andThen(state.get, previous =>
+                (isRunning(previous) || hasRefreshingFlag(previous))
+                    ? Effect.succeed(previous)
+                    : Effect.fail(new PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing({ previous })),
+            )),
+            Effect.bind("progress", ({ previous }) => f(previous.progress)),
+            Effect.let("next", ({ previous, progress }) => isRunning(previous)
+                ? running(progress)
+                : refreshing(previous, progress) as Final<A, E, P> & Refreshing<P>
            ),
-            Lens.map(
-                a => a.progress,
-                (a, b) => isRunning(a)
-                    ? running(b)
-                    : refreshing(a, b) as Final<A, E, P> & Refreshing<P>,
+            Effect.andThen(({ next }) => state.set(next)),
        ),
-        )
-    },
-)
+    }
+}))


 export namespace unsafeForkEffect {
-    export type OutputContext<R, P> = Exclude<R, Progress<P> | Progress<never>>
+    export type OutputContext<A, E, R, P> = Exclude<R, State<A, E, P> | Progress<P> | Progress<never>>

    export interface Options<A, E, P> {
        readonly initial?: Initial | Final<A, E, P>
@@ -204,56 +215,55 @@ export namespace unsafeForkEffect {
    }
 }

-export const unsafeForkEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, E, R, P = never>(
+export const unsafeForkEffect = <A, E, R, P = never>(
    effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
    options?: unsafeForkEffect.Options<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<E>, P>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<
+): Effect.Effect<
    readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
-> {
-    const ref = yield* SynchronizedRef.make<Result<A, E, P>>(options?.initial ?? initial<A, E, P>())
-    const pubsub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Result<A, E, P>>()
-
-    const state = Lens.make<Result<A, E, P>, never, never, never, never>({
-        get get() { return Ref.get(ref) },
-        get changes() {
-            return Stream.unwrapScoped(Effect.map(
-                Effect.all([Ref.get(ref), Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub, { scoped: true })]),
-                ([latest, stream]) => Stream.concat(Stream.make(latest), stream),
-            ))
-        },
-        modify: f => Ref.get(ref).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap(f),
-            Effect.flatMap(([b, a]) => Ref.set(ref, a).pipe(
-                Effect.as(b),
-                Effect.zipLeft(PubSub.publish(pubsub, a))
-            )),
-        ),
-    })
-
-    const fiber = yield* Effect.gen(function*() {
-        yield* Lens.set(
-            state,
+    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
+> => Effect.Do.pipe(
+    Effect.bind("ref", () => Ref.make(options?.initial ?? initial<A, E, P>())),
+    Effect.bind("pubsub", () => PubSub.unbounded<Result<A, E, P>>()),
+    Effect.bind("fiber", ({ ref, pubsub }) => Effect.forkScoped(State<A, E, P>().pipe(
+        Effect.andThen(state => state.set(
            (isFinal(options?.initial) && hasWillRefreshFlag(options?.initial))
                ? refreshing(options.initial, options?.initialProgress) as Result<A, E, P>
-                : running(options?.initialProgress),
-        )
-        return yield* Effect.onExit(effect, exit => Effect.andThen(
-            Lens.set(state, fromExit(exit)),
+                : running(options?.initialProgress)
+        ).pipe(
+            Effect.andThen(effect),
+            Effect.onExit(exit => Effect.andThen(
+                state.set(fromExit(exit)),
                Effect.forkScoped(PubSub.shutdown(pubsub)),
-        ))
-    }).pipe(
-        Effect.forkScoped,
-        Effect.provide(makeProgressLayer(state)),
-    )
-
-    return [state, fiber] as const
-})
+            )),
+        )),
+        Effect.provide(Layer.empty.pipe(
+            Layer.provideMerge(makeProgressLayer<A, E, P>()),
+            Layer.provideMerge(Layer.succeed(State<A, E, P>(), {
+                get: Ref.get(ref),
+                set: v => Effect.andThen(Ref.set(ref, v), PubSub.publish(pubsub, v))
+            })),
+        )),
+    ))),
+    Effect.map(({ ref, pubsub, fiber }) => [
+        Subscribable.make({
+            get: Ref.get(ref),
+            changes: Stream.unwrapScoped(Effect.map(
+                Effect.all([Ref.get(ref), Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub, { scoped: true })]),
+                ([latest, stream]) => Stream.concat(Stream.make(latest), stream),
+            )),
+        }),
+        fiber,
+    ]),
+) as Effect.Effect<
+    readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
+    never,
+    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
+>

 export namespace forkEffect {
    export type InputContext<R, P> = R extends Progress<infer X> ? [X] extends [P] ? R : never : R
-    export type OutputContext<R, P> = unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    export type OutputContext<A, E, R, P> = unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
    export interface Options<A, E, P> extends unsafeForkEffect.Options<A, E, P> {}
 }

@@ -264,6 +274,6 @@ export const forkEffect: {
    ): Effect.Effect<
        readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
        never,
-        Scope.Scope | forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+        Scope.Scope | forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
    >
 } = unsafeForkEffect
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SetStateAction.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SetStateAction.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import type * as React from "react"


 export const value: {
-    <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S
    <S>(prevState: S): (self: React.SetStateAction<S>) => S
+    <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S
 } = Function.dual(2, <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S =>
    typeof self === "function"
        ? (self as (prevState: S) => S)(prevState)
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Stream.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Stream.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"


-export const use: {
+export const useStream: {
    <A, E, R>(
        stream: Stream.Stream<A, E, R>
    ): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<A>, never, R>
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SubmittableForm.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SubmittableForm.ts
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-import { Array, Cause, Chunk, type Context, Effect, Fiber, flow, identity, Option, ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, Schema, type Scope, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
-import * as Form from "./Form.js"
-import * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
-import * as Mutation from "./Mutation.js"
-import * as Result from "./Result.js"
-import * as Subscribable from "./Subscribable.js"
-
-
-export const SubmittableFormTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/SubmittableForm")
-export type SubmittableFormTypeId = typeof SubmittableFormTypeId
-
-export interface SubmittableForm<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-extends Form.Form<readonly [], A, I, never, never> {
-    readonly [SubmittableFormTypeId]: SubmittableFormTypeId
-
-    readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
-    readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>
-    readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
-        readonly [value: A, form: SubmittableForm<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
-        MA, ME, MR, MP
-    >
-    readonly validationFiber: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never>
-
-    readonly run: Effect.Effect<void>
-    readonly submit: Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>
-}
-
-export class SubmittableFormImpl<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-extends Pipeable.Class() implements SubmittableForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
-    readonly [Form.FormTypeId]: Form.FormTypeId = Form.FormTypeId
-    readonly [SubmittableFormTypeId]: SubmittableFormTypeId = SubmittableFormTypeId
-
-    readonly path = [] as const
-
-    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, never, never, never, never>
-    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-    readonly canCommit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-    readonly isCommitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-
-    constructor(
-        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>,
-        readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>,
-        readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
-            readonly [value: A, form: SubmittableForm<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
-            MA, ME, MR, MP
-        >,
-        readonly value: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<A>, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly internalEncodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly issues: Lens.Lens<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly validationFiber: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never, never, never>,
-
-        readonly runSemaphore: Effect.Semaphore,
-    ) {
-        super()
-
-        this.encodedValue = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Lens.make<I, never, never, never, never>({
-                get get() { return self.internalEncodedValue.get },
-                get changes() { return self.internalEncodedValue.changes },
-                modify: f => self.internalEncodedValue.modify(
-                    encodedValue => Effect.map(
-                        f(encodedValue),
-                        ([b, nextEncodedValue]) => [
-                            [b, nextEncodedValue] as const,
-                            nextEncodedValue,
-                        ] as const,
-                    )
-                ).pipe(
-                    Effect.tap(([, nextEncodedValue]) =>
-                        self.synchronizeEncodedValue(nextEncodedValue).pipe(
-                            Effect.forkScoped,
-                            Effect.provide(self.context),
-                        )
-                    ),
-                    Effect.map(([b]) => b),
-                ),
-            })),
-            Lens.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.isValidating = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.map(self.validationFiber, Option.isSome)),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.canCommit = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.map(
-                Subscribable.zipLatestAll(self.value, self.issues, self.validationFiber, self.mutation.result),
-                ([value, issues, validationFiber, result]) => (
-                    Option.isSome(value) &&
-                    Array.isEmptyReadonlyArray(issues) &&
-                    Option.isNone(validationFiber) &&
-                    !(Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result))
-                ),
-            )),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.isCommitting = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.map(
-                self.mutation.result,
-                result => Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result),
-            )),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-    }
-
-    synchronizeEncodedValue(encodedValue: I): Effect.Effect<void, never, never> {
-        return Lens.get(this.validationFiber).pipe(
-            Effect.andThen(Option.match({
-                onSome: Fiber.interrupt,
-                onNone: () => Effect.void,
-            })),
-            Effect.andThen(Effect.forkScoped(
-                Effect.ensuring(
-                    Schema.decode(this.schema, { errors: "all" })(encodedValue),
-                    Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.none()),
-                )
-            )),
-            Effect.tap(fiber => Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.some(fiber))),
-            Effect.flatMap(Fiber.join),
-
-            Effect.tap(() => Lens.set(this.issues, Array.empty())),
-            Effect.flatMap(value => Lens.set(this.value, Option.some(value))),
-            Effect.catchIf(
-                ParseResult.isParseError,
-                flow(
-                    ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError,
-                    Effect.flatMap(v => Lens.set(this.issues, v)),
-                ),
-            ),
-
-            Effect.provide(this.context),
-        )
-    }
-
-    get run(): Effect.Effect<void, never, never> {
-        return Lens.get(this.encodedValue).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap(v => Schema.decode(this.schema)(v)),
-            Effect.option,
-            Effect.flatMap(v => Lens.set(this.value, v)),
-            Effect.provide(this.context),
-            this.runSemaphore.withPermits(1),
-        )
-    }
-
-    get submit(): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException, never> {
-        return Lens.get(this.value).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap(identity),
-            Effect.flatMap(value => this.submitValue(value)),
-        )
-    }
-
-    submitValue(value: A): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, never, never> {
-        return Effect.whenEffect(
-            Effect.tap(
-                this.mutation.mutate([value, this as any]),
-                result => Result.isFailure(result)
-                    ? Option.match(
-                        Chunk.findFirst(
-                            Cause.failures(result.cause as Cause.Cause<ParseResult.ParseError>),
-                            e => e._tag === "ParseError",
-                        ),
-                        {
-                            onSome: e => Effect.flatMap(
-                                ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError(e),
-                                v => Lens.set(this.issues, v),
-                            ),
-                            onNone: () => Effect.void,
-                        },
-                    )
-                    : Effect.void
-            ),
-            this.canCommit.get,
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-
-export const isSubmittableForm = (u: unknown): u is SubmittableForm<unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, SubmittableFormTypeId)
-
-
-export declare namespace make {
-    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-    extends Mutation.make.Options<
-        readonly [value: NoInfer<A>, form: SubmittableForm<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<I>, NoInfer<R>, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
-        MA, ME, MR, MP
-    > {
-        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
-        readonly initialEncodedValue: NoInfer<I>
-    }
-}
-
-export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
-    options: make.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
-): Effect.fn.Return<
-    SubmittableForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>, MP>,
-    never,
-    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>
-> {
-    return new SubmittableFormImpl(
-        options.schema,
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | R>(),
-        yield* Mutation.make(options),
-
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<A>())),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(options.initialEncodedValue)),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>(Array.empty())),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>())),
-
-        yield* Effect.makeSemaphore(1),
-    )
-})
-
-export declare namespace service {
-    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-    extends make.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {}
-}
-
-export const service = <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
-    options: service.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
-): Effect.Effect<
-    SubmittableForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>, MP>,
-    never,
-    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>
-> => Effect.tap(
-    make(options),
-    form => Effect.forkScoped(form.run),
-)
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Subscribable.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Subscribable.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Subscribable } from "effect-lens"
+import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream, Subscribable } from "effect"
 import * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"


-export * from "effect-lens/Subscribable"
-
 export const zipLatestAll = <const T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<any, any, any>[]>(
    ...elements: T
 ): Subscribable.Subscribable<
@@ -19,7 +16,7 @@ export const zipLatestAll = <const T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<
    changes: Stream.zipLatestAll(...elements.map(v => v.changes)),
 }) as any

-export declare namespace useAll {
+export declare namespace useSubscribables {
    export type Success<T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<any, any, any>[]> = [T[number]] extends [never]
        ? never
        : { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Subscribable.Subscribable<infer A, infer _E, infer _R> ? A : never }
@@ -29,11 +26,11 @@ export declare namespace useAll {
    }
 }

-export const useAll = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<any, any, any>[]>(
+export const useSubscribables = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<any, any, any>[]>(
    elements: T,
-    options?: useAll.Options<useAll.Success<NoInfer<T>>>,
+    options?: useSubscribables.Options<useSubscribables.Success<NoInfer<T>>>,
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    useAll.Success<T>,
+    useSubscribables.Success<T>,
    [T[number]] extends [never] ? never : T[number] extends Subscribable.Subscribable<infer _A, infer E, infer _R> ? E : never,
    [T[number]] extends [never] ? never : T[number] extends Subscribable.Subscribable<infer _A, infer _E, infer R> ? R : never
 > {
@@ -51,3 +48,5 @@ export const useAll = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const T extends readonly Subs

    return reactStateValue as any
 })
+
+export * from "effect/Subscribable"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionRef.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionRef.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { Effect, Equivalence, Ref, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
+import * as React from "react"
+import * as Component from "./Component.js"
+import * as SetStateAction from "./SetStateAction.js"
+
+
+export declare namespace useSubscriptionRefState {
+    export interface Options<A> {
+        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
+    }
+}
+
+export const useSubscriptionRefState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(
+    ref: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<A>,
+    options?: useSubscriptionRefState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
+): Effect.fn.Return<readonly [A, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<A>>]> {
+    const [reactStateValue, setReactStateValue] = React.useState(yield* Component.useOnMount(() => ref))
+
+    yield* Component.useReactEffect(() => Effect.forkScoped(
+        Stream.runForEach(
+            Stream.changesWith(ref.changes, options?.equivalence ?? Equivalence.strict()),
+            v => Effect.sync(() => setReactStateValue(v)),
+        )
+    ), [ref])
+
+    const setValue = yield* Component.useCallbackSync(
+        (setStateAction: React.SetStateAction<A>) => Effect.andThen(
+            Ref.updateAndGet(ref, prevState => SetStateAction.value(setStateAction, prevState)),
+            v => setReactStateValue(v),
+        ),
+        [ref],
+    )
+
+    return [reactStateValue, setValue]
+})
+
+export declare namespace useSubscriptionRefFromState {
+    export interface Options<A> {
+        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
+    }
+}
+
+export const useSubscriptionRefFromState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(
+    [value, setValue]: readonly [A, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<A>>],
+    options?: useSubscriptionRefFromState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
+): Effect.fn.Return<SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<A>> {
+    const ref = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.tap(
+        SubscriptionRef.make(value),
+        ref => Effect.forkScoped(
+            Stream.runForEach(
+                Stream.changesWith(ref.changes, options?.equivalence ?? Equivalence.strict()),
+                v => Effect.sync(() => setValue(v)),
+            )
+        ),
+    ), [setValue])
+
+    yield* Component.useReactEffect(() => Ref.set(ref, value), [value])
+    return ref
+})
+
+export * from "effect/SubscriptionRef"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Chunk, Effect, Ref, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
+import * as SubscriptionSubRef from "./SubscriptionSubRef.js"
+
+
+describe("SubscriptionSubRef with array refs", () => {
+    test("creates a subref for a single array element using path", async () => {
+        const value = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }, { name: "charlie" }]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "name"])
+                    return subref.get
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(value).toBe("bob")
+    })
+
+    test("modifies a single array element via subref", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }, { name: "charlie" }]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "name"])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, "bob-updated"),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result).toEqual([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob-updated" }, { name: "charlie" }])
+    })
+
+    test("modifies array element at index 0", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([10, 20, 30]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [0])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, 99),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result).toEqual([99, 20, 30])
+    })
+
+    test("modifies array element at last index", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make(["a", "b", "c"]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [2])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, "z"),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result).toEqual(["a", "b", "z"])
+    })
+
+    test("modifies nested array element", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, 0])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, 99),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result).toEqual([[1, 2], [99, 4], [5, 6]])
+    })
+
+    test("uses modifyEffect to transform array element", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([{ count: 1 }, { count: 2 }, { count: 3 }]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "count"])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.update(subref, count => count + 100),
+                        () => Effect.map(Ref.get(parent), parentValue => ({ result: 102, parentValue })),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result.result).toBe(102) // count + 100
+        expect(result.parentValue).toEqual([{ count: 1 }, { count: 102 }, { count: 3 }]) // count + 100
+    })
+
+    test("uses modify to transform array element", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([10, 20, 30]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.update(subref, x => x + 5),
+                        () => Effect.map(Ref.get(parent), parentValue => ({ result: 25, parentValue })),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result.result).toBe(25) // 20 + 5
+        expect(result.parentValue).toEqual([10, 25, 30]) // 20 + 5
+    })
+
+    test("makeFromChunkIndex modifies chunk element", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make(Chunk.make(100, 200, 300)),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromChunkIndex(parent, 1)
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, 999),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(Chunk.toReadonlyArray(result)).toEqual([100, 999, 300])
+    })
+
+    test("makeFromGetSet with custom getter/setter for array element", async () => {
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make([{ id: 1, value: "a" }, { id: 2, value: "b" }]),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromGetSet(parent, {
+                        get: arr => arr[0].value,
+                        set: (arr, newValue) => [
+                            { ...arr[0], value: newValue },
+                            ...arr.slice(1),
+                        ],
+                    })
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, "updated"),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(result).toEqual([{ id: 1, value: "updated" }, { id: 2, value: "b" }])
+    })
+
+    test("does not mutate original array when modifying via subref", async () => {
+        const original = [{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }]
+        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
+            Effect.flatMap(
+                SubscriptionRef.make(original),
+                parent => {
+                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [0, "name"])
+                    return Effect.flatMap(
+                        Ref.set(subref, "alice-updated"),
+                        () => Ref.get(parent),
+                    )
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        expect(original).toEqual([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }]) // original unchanged
+        expect(result).toEqual([{ name: "alice-updated" }, { name: "bob" }]) // new value in ref
+    })
+})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import { Chunk, Effect, Effectable, Option, Predicate, Readable, Ref, Stream, Subscribable, SubscriptionRef, SynchronizedRef, type Types, type Unify } from "effect"
+import * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
+
+
+export const SubscriptionSubRefTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/SubscriptionSubRef/SubscriptionSubRef")
+export type SubscriptionSubRefTypeId = typeof SubscriptionSubRefTypeId
+
+export interface SubscriptionSubRef<in out A, in out B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<any>>
+extends SubscriptionSubRef.Variance<A, B>, SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<A> {
+    readonly parent: B
+
+    readonly [Unify.typeSymbol]?: unknown
+    readonly [Unify.unifySymbol]?: SubscriptionSubRefUnify<this>
+    readonly [Unify.ignoreSymbol]?: SubscriptionSubRefUnifyIgnore
+}
+
+export declare namespace SubscriptionSubRef {
+    export interface Variance<in out A, in out B> {
+        readonly [SubscriptionSubRefTypeId]: {
+            readonly _A: Types.Invariant<A>
+            readonly _B: Types.Invariant<B>
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export interface SubscriptionSubRefUnify<A extends { [Unify.typeSymbol]?: any }> extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRefUnify<A> {
+    SubscriptionSubRef?: () => Extract<A[Unify.typeSymbol], SubscriptionSubRef<any, any>>
+}
+
+export interface SubscriptionSubRefUnifyIgnore extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRefUnifyIgnore {
+    SubscriptionRef?: true
+}
+
+
+const refVariance = { _A: (_: any) => _ }
+const synchronizedRefVariance = { _A: (_: any) => _ }
+const subscriptionRefVariance = { _A: (_: any) => _ }
+const subscriptionSubRefVariance = { _A: (_: any) => _, _B: (_: any) => _ }
+
+class SubscriptionSubRefImpl<in out A, in out B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<any>>
+extends Effectable.Class<A> implements SubscriptionSubRef<A, B> {
+    readonly [Readable.TypeId]: Readable.TypeId = Readable.TypeId
+    readonly [Subscribable.TypeId]: Subscribable.TypeId = Subscribable.TypeId
+    readonly [Ref.RefTypeId] = refVariance
+    readonly [SynchronizedRef.SynchronizedRefTypeId] = synchronizedRefVariance
+    readonly [SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRefTypeId] = subscriptionRefVariance
+    readonly [SubscriptionSubRefTypeId] = subscriptionSubRefVariance
+
+    readonly get: Effect.Effect<A>
+
+    constructor(
+        readonly parent: B,
+        readonly getter: (parentValue: Effect.Effect.Success<B>) => A,
+        readonly setter: (parentValue: Effect.Effect.Success<B>, value: A) => Effect.Effect.Success<B>,
+    ) {
+        super()
+        this.get = Effect.map(this.parent, this.getter)
+    }
+
+    commit() {
+        return this.get
+    }
+
+    get changes(): Stream.Stream<A> {
+        return Stream.unwrap(
+            Effect.map(this.get, a => Stream.concat(
+                Stream.make(a),
+                Stream.map(this.parent.changes, this.getter),
+            ))
+        )
+    }
+
+    modify<C>(f: (a: A) => readonly [C, A]): Effect.Effect<C> {
+        return this.modifyEffect(a => Effect.succeed(f(a)))
+    }
+
+    modifyEffect<C, E, R>(f: (a: A) => Effect.Effect<readonly [C, A], E, R>): Effect.Effect<C, E, R> {
+        return Effect.Do.pipe(
+            Effect.bind("b", (): Effect.Effect<Effect.Effect.Success<B>> => this.parent),
+            Effect.bind("ca", ({ b }) => f(this.getter(b))),
+            Effect.tap(({ b, ca: [, a] }) => SubscriptionRef.set(this.parent, this.setter(b, a))),
+            Effect.map(({ ca: [c] }) => c),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+
+export const isSubscriptionSubRef = (u: unknown): u is SubscriptionSubRef<unknown, SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<unknown>> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, SubscriptionSubRefTypeId)
+
+export const makeFromGetSet = <A, B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<any>>(
+    parent: B,
+    options: {
+        readonly get: (parentValue: Effect.Effect.Success<B>) => A
+        readonly set: (parentValue: Effect.Effect.Success<B>, value: A) => Effect.Effect.Success<B>
+    },
+): SubscriptionSubRef<A, B> => new SubscriptionSubRefImpl(parent, options.get, options.set)
+
+export const makeFromPath = <
+    B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<any>,
+    const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<Effect.Effect.Success<B>>,
+>(
+    parent: B,
+    path: P,
+): SubscriptionSubRef<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<Effect.Effect.Success<B>, P>, B> => new SubscriptionSubRefImpl(
+    parent,
+    parentValue => Option.getOrThrow(PropertyPath.get(parentValue, path)),
+    (parentValue, value) => Option.getOrThrow(PropertyPath.immutableSet(parentValue, path, value)),
+)
+
+export const makeFromChunkIndex: {
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        index: number,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        index: number,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.Chunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+} = (
+    parent: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<any>>,
+    index: number,
+) => new SubscriptionSubRefImpl(
+    parent,
+    parentValue => Chunk.unsafeGet(parentValue, index),
+    (parentValue, value) => Chunk.replace(parentValue, index, value),
+) as any
+
+export const makeFromChunkFindFirst: {
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        findFirstPredicate: Predicate.Predicate<Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<infer A> ? A : never>,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        findFirstPredicate: Predicate.Predicate<Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.Chunk<infer A> ? A : never>,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.Chunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+} = (
+    parent: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<never>>,
+    findFirstPredicate: Predicate.Predicate.Any,
+) => new SubscriptionSubRefImpl(
+    parent,
+    parentValue => Option.getOrThrow(Chunk.findFirst(parentValue, findFirstPredicate)),
+    (parentValue, value) => Option.getOrThrow(Option.andThen(
+        Chunk.findFirstIndex(parentValue, findFirstPredicate),
+        index => Chunk.replace(parentValue, index, value),
+    )),
+) as any
+
+export const makeFromChunkFindLast: {
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        findLastPredicate: Predicate.Predicate<Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<infer A> ? A : never>,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.NonEmptyChunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+    <B extends SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<any>>>(
+        parent: B,
+        findLastPredicate: Predicate.Predicate<Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.Chunk<infer A> ? A : never>,
+    ): SubscriptionSubRef<
+        Effect.Effect.Success<B> extends Chunk.Chunk<infer A> ? A : never,
+        B
+    >
+} = (
+    parent: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Chunk.Chunk<never>>,
+    findLastPredicate: Predicate.Predicate.Any,
+) => new SubscriptionSubRefImpl(
+    parent,
+    parentValue => Option.getOrThrow(Chunk.findLast(parentValue, findLastPredicate)),
+    (parentValue, value) => Option.getOrThrow(Option.andThen(
+        Chunk.findLastIndex(parentValue, findLastPredicate),
+        index => Chunk.replace(parentValue, index, value),
+    )),
+) as any
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SynchronizedForm.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SynchronizedForm.ts
@@ -1,224 +0,0 @@
-import { Array, type Context, Effect, Equal, Fiber, flow, Option, ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, Schema, type Scope, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
-import * as Form from "./Form.js"
-import * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
-import * as Subscribable from "./Subscribable.js"
-
-
-export const SynchronizedFormTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/SynchronizedForm")
-export type SynchronizedFormTypeId = typeof SynchronizedFormTypeId
-
-export interface SynchronizedForm<
-    in out A,
-    in out I = A,
-    in out R = never,
-    in out TER = never,
-    in out TEW = never,
-    in out TRR = never,
-    in out TRW = never,
-> extends Form.Form<readonly [], A, I, TER, TEW> {
-    readonly [SynchronizedFormTypeId]: SynchronizedFormTypeId
-
-    readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
-    readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R | TRR | TRW>
-    readonly target: Lens.Lens<A, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>
-    readonly validationFiber: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never>
-
-    readonly run: Effect.Effect<void, TER>
-}
-
-export class SynchronizedFormImpl<
-    in out A,
-    in out I = A,
-    in out R = never,
-    in out TER = never,
-    in out TEW = never,
-    in out TRR = never,
-    in out TRW = never,
-> extends Pipeable.Class() implements SynchronizedForm<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW> {
-    readonly [Form.FormTypeId]: Form.FormTypeId = Form.FormTypeId
-    readonly [SynchronizedFormTypeId]: SynchronizedFormTypeId = SynchronizedFormTypeId
-
-    readonly path = [] as const
-
-    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, never, never>
-    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, TER, TEW, never, never>
-    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-    readonly canCommit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-
-    constructor(
-        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>,
-        readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R | TRR | TRW>,
-        readonly target: Lens.Lens<A, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>,
-
-        readonly internalEncodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly issues: Lens.Lens<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly validationFiber: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly isCommitting: Lens.Lens<boolean, never, never>,
-
-        readonly runSemaphore: Effect.Semaphore,
-    ) {
-        super()
-
-        this.value = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.make({
-                get get() { return Effect.provide(Effect.option(self.target.get), self.context) },
-                get changes() {
-                    return Stream.provideContext(
-                        self.target.changes.pipe(
-                            Stream.map(Option.some),
-                            Stream.catchAll(() => Stream.make(Option.none())),
-                        ),
-                        self.context,
-                    )
-                },
-            })),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.encodedValue = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Lens.make<I, TER, TEW, never, never>({
-                get get() { return self.internalEncodedValue.get },
-                get changes() { return self.internalEncodedValue.changes },
-                modify: f => self.internalEncodedValue.modify(
-                    encodedValue => Effect.map(
-                        f(encodedValue),
-                        ([b, nextEncodedValue]) => [
-                            [b, nextEncodedValue] as const,
-                            nextEncodedValue,
-                        ] as const,
-                    )
-                ).pipe(
-                    Effect.tap(([, nextEncodedValue]) => self.synchronizeEncodedValue(nextEncodedValue)),
-                    Effect.map(([b]) => b),
-                ),
-            })),
-            Lens.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.isValidating = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.map(self.validationFiber, Option.isSome)),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-        this.canCommit = Effect.succeed(this).pipe(
-            Effect.map(self => Subscribable.map(
-                Subscribable.zipLatestAll(self.issues, self.validationFiber, self.isCommitting),
-                ([issues, validationFiber, isCommitting]) => (
-                    Array.isEmptyReadonlyArray(issues) &&
-                    Option.isNone(validationFiber) &&
-                    !isCommitting
-                ),
-            )),
-            Subscribable.unwrap,
-        )
-    }
-
-    synchronizeEncodedValue(encodedValue: I): Effect.Effect<void, TER | TEW, never> {
-        return Lens.get(this.validationFiber).pipe(
-            Effect.andThen(Option.match({
-                onSome: Fiber.interrupt,
-                onNone: () => Effect.void,
-            })),
-            Effect.andThen(Effect.forkScoped(
-                Effect.ensuring(
-                    Schema.decode(this.schema, { errors: "all" })(encodedValue),
-                    Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.none()),
-                )
-            )),
-            Effect.tap(fiber => Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.some(fiber))),
-            Effect.flatMap(Fiber.join),
-
-            Effect.flatMap(value => Effect.ensuring(
-                Lens.set(this.isCommitting, true).pipe(
-                    Effect.andThen(Lens.set(this.issues, Array.empty())),
-                    Effect.andThen(Lens.set(this.target, value)),
-                ),
-                Lens.set(this.isCommitting, false),
-            )),
-            Effect.catchIf(
-                ParseResult.isParseError,
-                flow(
-                    ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError,
-                    Effect.flatMap(v => Lens.set(this.issues, v)),
-                ),
-            ),
-
-            Effect.provide(this.context),
-        )
-    }
-
-    get run(): Effect.Effect<void, TER, never> {
-        return this.runSemaphore.withPermits(1)(Effect.provide(
-            Stream.runForEach(
-                Stream.drop(this.target.changes, 1),
-                targetValue => Schema.encode(this.schema, { errors: "all" })(targetValue).pipe(
-                    Effect.flatMap(encodedValue => Effect.whenEffect(
-                        Effect.andThen(
-                            Lens.set(this.issues, Array.empty()),
-                            Lens.set(this.internalEncodedValue, encodedValue),
-                        ),
-                        Effect.map(
-                            Lens.get(this.internalEncodedValue),
-                            currentEncodedValue => !Equal.equals(encodedValue, currentEncodedValue),
-                        ),
-                    )),
-                    Effect.ignore,
-                ),
-            ),
-            this.context,
-        ))
-    }
-}
-
-
-export const isSynchronizedForm = (u: unknown): u is SynchronizedForm<unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, SynchronizedFormTypeId)
-
-
-export declare namespace make {
-    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out TER = never, in out TEW = never, in out TRR = never, in out TRW = never> {
-        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
-        readonly target: Lens.Lens<A, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>
-        readonly initialEncodedValue?: NoInfer<I>
-    }
-}
-
-export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I = A, R = never, TER = never, TEW = never, TRR = never, TRW = never>(
-    options: make.Options<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>
-): Effect.fn.Return<
-    SynchronizedForm<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>,
-    ParseResult.ParseError | TER,
-    Scope.Scope | R | TRR | TRW
-> {
-    const initialEncodedValue = options.initialEncodedValue !== undefined
-        ? options.initialEncodedValue
-        : yield* Effect.flatMap(
-            Lens.get(options.target),
-            Schema.encode(options.schema, { errors: "all" }),
-        )
-
-    return new SynchronizedFormImpl(
-        options.schema,
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | R | TRR | TRW>(),
-        options.target,
-
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(initialEncodedValue)),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>(Array.empty())),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>())),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(false)),
-
-        yield* Effect.makeSemaphore(1),
-    )
-})
-
-export declare namespace service {
-    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out TER = never, in out TEW = never, in out TRR = never, in out TRW = never>
-    extends make.Options<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW> {}
-}
-
-export const service = <A, I = A, R = never, TER = never, TEW = never, TRR = never, TRW = never>(
-    options: service.Options<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>
-): Effect.Effect<
-    SynchronizedForm<A, I, R, TER, TEW, TRR, TRW>,
-    ParseResult.ParseError | TER,
-    Scope.Scope | R | TRR | TRW
-> => Effect.tap(
-    make(options),
-    form => Effect.forkScoped(form.run),
-)
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/index.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ export * as Form from "./Form.js"
 export * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
 export * as Memoized from "./Memoized.js"
 export * as Mutation from "./Mutation.js"
+export * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
 export * as PubSub from "./PubSub.js"
 export * as Query from "./Query.js"
 export * as QueryClient from "./QueryClient.js"
@@ -12,6 +13,6 @@ export * as ReactRuntime from "./ReactRuntime.js"
 export * as Result from "./Result.js"
 export * as SetStateAction from "./SetStateAction.js"
 export * as Stream from "./Stream.js"
-export * as SubmittableForm from "./SubmittableForm.js"
 export * as Subscribable from "./Subscribable.js"
-export * as SynchronizedForm from "./SynchronizedForm.js"
+export * as SubscriptionRef from "./SubscriptionRef.js"
+export * as SubscriptionSubRef from "./SubscriptionSubRef.js"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/tsconfig.json
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": false,

    // Build
-    "rootDir": "./src",
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "declaration": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
--- a/packages/example/package.json
+++ b/packages/example/package.json
@@ -13,30 +13,30 @@
    "clean:modules": "rm -rf node_modules"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.169.1",
-    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.166.13",
-    "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.167.32",
+    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.168.3",
+    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.166.11",
+    "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.167.4",
    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
-    "globals": "^17.6.0",
-    "react": "^19.2.5",
-    "react-dom": "^19.2.5",
-    "type-fest": "^5.6.0",
-    "vite": "^8.0.10"
+    "globals": "^17.4.0",
+    "react": "^19.2.4",
+    "react-dom": "^19.2.4",
+    "type-fest": "^5.5.0",
+    "vite": "^8.0.2"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@effect/platform": "^0.96.1",
+    "@effect/platform": "^0.96.0",
    "@effect/platform-browser": "^0.76.0",
    "@radix-ui/themes": "^3.3.0",
    "@typed/id": "^0.17.2",
-    "effect": "^3.21.2",
+    "effect": "^3.21.0",
    "effect-fc": "workspace:*",
    "react-icons": "^5.6.0"
  },
  "overrides": {
    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
-    "effect": "^3.21.2",
-    "react": "^19.2.5"
+    "effect": "^3.21.0",
+    "react": "^19.2.4"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView.tsx
@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 import { Callout, Flex, Spinner, TextField } from "@radix-ui/themes"
-import { Array, Option, Struct } from "effect"
+import { Array, Option } from "effect"
 import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
-import type * as React from "react"


 export declare namespace TextFieldFormInputView {
-    export interface Props<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, ER, EW>
-    extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "form">, Form.useInput.Options {
-        readonly form: Form.Form<P, A, string, ER, EW>
+    export interface Props
+    extends TextField.RootProps, Form.useInput.Options {
+        readonly field: Form.FormField<any, string>
    }
-
-    export type Signature = <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, ER, EW>(props: Props<P, A, ER, EW>) => React.ReactNode
 }

-export const TextFieldFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(function*(
-    props: TextFieldFormInputView.Props<readonly PropertyKey[], any, any, any>
+
+export class TextFieldFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(function*(
+    props: TextFieldFormInputView.Props
 ) {
-    const input = yield* Form.useInput(props.form, props)
-    const [issues, isValidating, isCommitting] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([
-        props.form.issues,
-        props.form.isValidating,
-        props.form.isCommitting,
+    const input = yield* Form.useInput(props.field, props)
+    const [issues, isValidating, isSubmitting] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
+        props.field.issues,
+        props.field.isValidating,
+        props.field.isSubmitting,
    ])

    return (
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ export const TextFieldFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(f
            <TextField.Root
                value={input.value}
                onChange={e => input.setValue(e.target.value)}
-                disabled={isCommitting}
-                {...Struct.omit(props, "form")}
+                disabled={isSubmitting}
+                {...props}
            >
                {isValidating &&
                    <TextField.Slot side="right">
@@ -51,6 +49,4 @@ export const TextFieldFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(f
            })}
        </Flex>
    )
-}).pipe(
-    Component.withSignature<TextFieldFormInputView.Signature>()
-)
+}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.tsx
@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 import { Callout, Flex, Spinner, Switch, TextField } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { Array, Option, Struct } from "effect"
 import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
-import type * as React from "react"


 export declare namespace TextFieldOptionalFormInputView {
-    export interface Props<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, ER, EW>
-    extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "form" | "defaultValue">, Form.useOptionalInput.Options<string> {
-        readonly form: Form.Form<P, A, Option.Option<string>, ER, EW>
+    export interface Props
+    extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "defaultValue">, Form.useOptionalInput.Options<string> {
+        readonly field: Form.FormField<any, Option.Option<string>>
    }
-
-    export type Signature = <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, ER, EW>(props: Props<P, A, ER, EW>) => React.ReactNode
 }

-export const TextFieldOptionalFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldOptionalFormInputView")(function*(
-    props: TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.Props<readonly PropertyKey[], any, any, any>
+
+export class TextFieldOptionalFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldOptionalFormInputView")(function*(
+    props: TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.Props
 ) {
-    const input = yield* Form.useOptionalInput(props.form, props)
-    const [issues, isValidating, isCommitting] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([
-        props.form.issues,
-        props.form.isValidating,
-        props.form.isCommitting,
+    const input = yield* Form.useOptionalInput(props.field, props)
+    const [issues, isValidating, isSubmitting] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
+        props.field.issues,
+        props.field.isValidating,
+        props.field.isSubmitting,
    ])

    return (
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ export const TextFieldOptionalFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldOptionalF
            <TextField.Root
                value={input.value}
                onChange={e => input.setValue(e.target.value)}
-                disabled={!input.enabled || isCommitting}
-                {...Struct.omit(props, "form", "defaultValue")}
+                disabled={!input.enabled || isSubmitting}
+                {...Struct.omit(props, "defaultValue")}
            >
                <TextField.Slot side="left">
                    <Switch
@@ -59,6 +57,4 @@ export const TextFieldOptionalFormInputView = Component.make("TextFieldOptionalF
            })}
        </Flex>
    )
-}).pipe(
-    Component.withSignature<TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.Signature>()
-)
+}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/routes/form.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/routes/form.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Button, Container, Flex, Text } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router"
 import { Console, Effect, Match, Option, ParseResult, Schema } from "effect"
-import { Component, Form, SubmittableForm, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
 import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
 import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
 import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ const RegisterFormSubmitSchema = Schema.Struct({
 })

 class RegisterFormService extends Effect.Service<RegisterFormService>()("RegisterFormService", {
-    scoped: Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const form = yield* SubmittableForm.service({
+    scoped: Form.service({
        schema: RegisterFormSchema.pipe(
            Schema.compose(
                Schema.transformOrFail(
@@ -60,22 +59,15 @@ class RegisterFormService extends Effect.Service<RegisterFormService>()("Registe
            yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis")
            return yield* Schema.decode(RegisterFormSubmitSchema)(value)
        }),
-        })
-
-        return {
-            form,
-            emailField: Form.focusObjectOn(form, "email"),
-            passwordField: Form.focusObjectOn(form, "password"),
-            birthField: Form.focusObjectOn(form, "birth"),
-        } as const
+        debounce: "500 millis",
    })
 }) {}

 class RegisterFormView extends Component.make("RegisterFormView")(function*() {
    const form = yield* RegisterFormService
-    const [canCommit, submitResult] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([
-        form.form.canCommit,
-        form.form.mutation.result,
+    const [canSubmit, submitResult] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
+        form.canSubmit,
+        form.mutation.result,
    ])

    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise()
@@ -92,26 +84,24 @@ class RegisterFormView extends Component.make("RegisterFormView")(function*() {
        <Container width="300">
            <form onSubmit={e => {
                e.preventDefault()
-                void runPromise(form.form.submit)
+                void runPromise(form.submit)
            }}>
                <Flex direction="column" gap="2">
                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={form.emailField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
+                        field={yield* form.field(["email"])}
                    />

                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={form.passwordField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
+                        field={yield* form.field(["password"])}
                    />

                    <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
                        type="datetime-local"
-                        form={form.birthField}
+                        field={yield* form.field(["birth"])}
                        defaultValue=""
                    />

-                    <Button disabled={!canCommit}>Submit</Button>
+                    <Button disabled={!canSubmit}>Submit</Button>
                </Flex>
            </form>

--- a/packages/example/src/routes/query.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/routes/query.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { HttpClient, type HttpClientError } from "@effect/platform"
 import { Button, Container, Flex, Heading, Slider, Text } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router"
-import { Array, Cause, Chunk, Console, Effect, flow, Match, Option, Schema, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
-import { Component, ErrorObserver, Lens, Mutation, Query, Result, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { Array, Cause, Chunk, Console, Effect, flow, Match, Option, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Component, ErrorObserver, Mutation, Query, Result, Subscribable, SubscriptionRef } from "effect-fc"
 import { runtime } from "@/runtime"


@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ const Post = Schema.Struct({
 const ResultView = Component.make("ResultView")(function*() {
    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise()

-    const [idLens, query, mutation] = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const idLens = Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(1))
-        const key = Stream.map(idLens.changes, id => [id] as const)
+    const [idRef, query, mutation] = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const idRef = yield* SubscriptionRef.make(1)
+        const key = Stream.map(idRef.changes, id => [id] as const)

        const query = yield* Query.service({
            key,
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ const ResultView = Component.make("ResultView")(function*() {
            ),
        })

-        return [idLens, query, mutation] as const
+        return [idRef, query, mutation] as const
    }))

-    const [id, setId] = yield* Lens.useState(idLens)
-    const [queryResult, mutationResult] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([query.result, mutation.result])
+    const [id, setId] = yield* SubscriptionRef.useSubscriptionRefState(idRef)
+    const [queryResult, mutationResult] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([query.result, mutation.result])

    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => ErrorObserver.ErrorObserver<HttpClientError.HttpClientError>().pipe(
        Effect.andThen(observer => observer.subscribe),
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ const ResultView = Component.make("ResultView")(function*() {
                </div>

                <Flex direction="row" justify="center" align="center" gap="1">
-                    <Button onClick={() => runPromise(Effect.andThen(Lens.get(idLens), id => mutation.mutate([id])))}>Mutate</Button>
+                    <Button onClick={() => runPromise(Effect.andThen(idRef, id => mutation.mutate([id])))}>Mutate</Button>
                </Flex>
            </Flex>
        </Container>
--- a/packages/example/src/routes/result.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/routes/result.tsx
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const ResultView = Component.makeUntraced("Result")(function*() {
        Effect.tap(Effect.sleep("250 millis")),
        Result.forkEffect,
    ))
-    const [result] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([resultSubscribable])
+    const [result] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([resultSubscribable])

    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => ErrorObserver.ErrorObserver<HttpClientError.HttpClientError>().pipe(
        Effect.andThen(observer => observer.subscribe),
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/EditTodoView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/EditTodoView.tsx
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-import { Box, Flex, IconButton } from "@radix-ui/themes"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { Component, Form, Subscribable, SynchronizedForm } from "effect-fc"
-import { FaArrowDown, FaArrowUp } from "react-icons/fa"
-import { FaDeleteLeft } from "react-icons/fa6"
-import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
-import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
-import { TodoFormSchema } from "./TodoFormSchema"
-import { TodosState } from "./TodosState"
-
-
-export interface EditTodoViewProps {
-    readonly id: string
-}
-
-export class EditTodoView extends Component.make("TodoView")(function*(props: EditTodoViewProps) {
-    const state = yield* TodosState
-
-    const [
-        indexSubscribable,
-        contentField,
-        completedAtField,
-    ] = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const indexSubscribable = state.getIndexSubscribable(props.id)
-
-        const form = yield* SynchronizedForm.service({
-            schema: TodoFormSchema,
-            target: state.getElementLens(props.id),
-        })
-
-        return [
-            indexSubscribable,
-            Form.focusObjectOn(form, "content"),
-            Form.focusObjectOn(form, "completedAt"),
-        ] as const
-    }), [props.id])
-
-    const [index, size] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([
-        indexSubscribable,
-        state.sizeSubscribable,
-    ])
-
-    const runSync = yield* Component.useRunSync()
-    const TextFieldFormInput = yield* TextFieldFormInputView.use
-    const TextFieldOptionalFormInput = yield* TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.use
-
-
-    return (
-        <Flex direction="row" align="center" gap="2">
-            <Box flexGrow="1">
-                <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2">
-                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={contentField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
-                    />
-
-                    <Flex direction="row" justify="center" align="center" gap="2">
-                        <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
-                            form={completedAtField}
-                            type="datetime-local"
-                            defaultValue=""
-                        />
-                    </Flex>
-                </Flex>
-            </Box>
-
-            <Flex direction="column" justify="center" align="center" gap="1">
-                <IconButton
-                    disabled={index <= 0}
-                    onClick={() => runSync(state.moveLeft(props.id))}
-                >
-                    <FaArrowUp />
-                </IconButton>
-
-                <IconButton
-                    disabled={index >= size - 1}
-                    onClick={() => runSync(state.moveRight(props.id))}
-                >
-                    <FaArrowDown />
-                </IconButton>
-
-                <IconButton onClick={() => runSync(state.remove(props.id))}>
-                    <FaDeleteLeft />
-                </IconButton>
-            </Flex>
-        </Flex>
-    )
-}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/NewTodoView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/NewTodoView.tsx
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-import { Box, Button, Flex } from "@radix-ui/themes"
-import { GetRandomValues, makeUuid4 } from "@typed/id"
-import { Chunk, type DateTime, Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
-import { Component, Form, Lens, SubmittableForm, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
-import * as Domain from "@/domain"
-import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
-import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
-import { TodoFormSchema } from "./TodoFormSchema"
-import { TodosState } from "./TodosState"
-
-
-const makeTodo = makeUuid4.pipe(
-    Effect.map(id => Domain.Todo.Todo.make({
-        id,
-        content: "",
-        completedAt: Option.none(),
-    })),
-    Effect.provide(GetRandomValues.CryptoRandom),
-)
-
-
-export class NewTodoView extends Component.make("NewTodoView")(function*() {
-    const state = yield* TodosState
-
-    const [
-        form,
-        contentField,
-        completedAtField,
-    ] = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const form = yield* SubmittableForm.service({
-            schema: TodoFormSchema,
-            initialEncodedValue: yield* Schema.encode(TodoFormSchema)(yield* makeTodo),
-            f: ([todo, form]) => Lens.update(state.lens, Chunk.prepend(todo)).pipe(
-                Effect.andThen(makeTodo),
-                Effect.andThen(Schema.encode(TodoFormSchema)),
-                Effect.andThen(v => Lens.set(form.encodedValue, v)),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        return [
-            form,
-            Form.focusObjectOn(form, "content"),
-            Form.focusObjectOn(form, "completedAt"),
-        ] as const
-    }))
-
-    const [canCommit] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([form.canCommit])
-
-    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise<DateTime.CurrentTimeZone>()
-    const TextFieldFormInput = yield* TextFieldFormInputView.use
-    const TextFieldOptionalFormInput = yield* TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.use
-
-
-    return (
-        <Flex direction="row" align="center" gap="2">
-            <Box flexGrow="1">
-                <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2">
-                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={contentField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
-                    />
-
-                    <Flex direction="row" justify="center" align="center" gap="2">
-                        <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
-                            form={completedAtField}
-                            type="datetime-local"
-                            defaultValue=""
-                        />
-
-                        <Button disabled={!canCommit} onClick={() => void runPromise(form.submit)}>
-                            Add
-                        </Button>
-                    </Flex>
-                </Flex>
-            </Box>
-        </Flex>
-    )
-}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/TodoFormSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/TodoFormSchema.ts
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import { Schema } from "effect"
-import * as Domain from "@/domain"
-import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
-
-
-export const TodoFormSchema = Schema.compose(Schema.Struct({
-    ...Domain.Todo.Todo.fields,
-    completedAt: Schema.OptionFromSelf(DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput),
-}), Domain.Todo.Todo)
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/TodoView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/TodoView.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import { Box, Button, Flex, IconButton } from "@radix-ui/themes"
+import { GetRandomValues, makeUuid4 } from "@typed/id"
+import { Chunk, type DateTime, Effect, Match, Option, Ref, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { FaArrowDown, FaArrowUp } from "react-icons/fa"
+import { FaDeleteLeft } from "react-icons/fa6"
+import * as Domain from "@/domain"
+import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
+import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
+import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
+import { TodosState } from "./TodosState"
+
+
+const TodoFormSchema = Schema.compose(Schema.Struct({
+    ...Domain.Todo.Todo.fields,
+    completedAt: Schema.OptionFromSelf(DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput),
+}), Domain.Todo.Todo)
+
+const makeTodo = makeUuid4.pipe(
+    Effect.map(id => Domain.Todo.Todo.make({
+        id,
+        content: "",
+        completedAt: Option.none(),
+    })),
+    Effect.provide(GetRandomValues.CryptoRandom),
+)
+
+
+export type TodoProps = (
+    | { readonly _tag: "new" }
+    | { readonly _tag: "edit", readonly id: string }
+)
+
+export class TodoView extends Component.make("TodoView")(function*(props: TodoProps) {
+    const state = yield* TodosState
+
+    const [
+        indexRef,
+        form,
+        contentField,
+        completedAtField,
+    ] = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const indexRef = Match.value(props).pipe(
+            Match.tag("new", () => Subscribable.make({ get: Effect.succeed(-1), changes: Stream.make(-1) })),
+            Match.tag("edit", ({ id }) => state.getIndexSubscribable(id)),
+            Match.exhaustive,
+        )
+
+        const form = yield* Form.service({
+            schema: TodoFormSchema,
+            initialEncodedValue: yield* Schema.encode(TodoFormSchema)(
+                yield* Match.value(props).pipe(
+                    Match.tag("new", () => makeTodo),
+                    Match.tag("edit", ({ id }) => state.getElementRef(id)),
+                    Match.exhaustive,
+                )
+            ),
+            f: ([todo, form]) => Match.value(props).pipe(
+                Match.tag("new", () => Ref.update(state.ref, Chunk.prepend(todo)).pipe(
+                    Effect.andThen(makeTodo),
+                    Effect.andThen(Schema.encode(TodoFormSchema)),
+                    Effect.andThen(v => Ref.set(form.encodedValue, v)),
+                )),
+                Match.tag("edit", ({ id }) => Ref.set(state.getElementRef(id), todo)),
+                Match.exhaustive,
+            ),
+            autosubmit: props._tag === "edit",
+            debounce: "250 millis",
+        })
+
+        return [
+            indexRef,
+            form,
+            yield* form.field(["content"]),
+            yield* form.field(["completedAt"]),
+        ] as const
+    }), [props._tag, props._tag === "edit" ? props.id : undefined])
+
+    const [index, size, canSubmit] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
+        indexRef,
+        state.sizeSubscribable,
+        form.canSubmit,
+    ])
+
+    const runSync = yield* Component.useRunSync()
+    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise<DateTime.CurrentTimeZone>()
+    const TextFieldFormInput = yield* TextFieldFormInputView.use
+    const TextFieldOptionalFormInput = yield* TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.use
+
+
+    return (
+        <Flex direction="row" align="center" gap="2">
+            <Box flexGrow="1">
+                <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2">
+                    <TextFieldFormInput field={contentField} />
+
+                    <Flex direction="row" justify="center" align="center" gap="2">
+                        <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
+                            field={completedAtField}
+                            type="datetime-local"
+                            defaultValue=""
+                        />
+
+                        {props._tag === "new" &&
+                            <Button disabled={!canSubmit} onClick={() => void runPromise(form.submit)}>
+                                Add
+                            </Button>
+                        }
+                    </Flex>
+                </Flex>
+            </Box>
+
+            {props._tag === "edit" &&
+                <Flex direction="column" justify="center" align="center" gap="1">
+                    <IconButton
+                        disabled={index <= 0}
+                        onClick={() => runSync(state.moveLeft(props.id))}
+                    >
+                        <FaArrowUp />
+                    </IconButton>
+
+                    <IconButton
+                        disabled={index >= size - 1}
+                        onClick={() => runSync(state.moveRight(props.id))}
+                    >
+                        <FaArrowDown />
+                    </IconButton>
+
+                    <IconButton onClick={() => runSync(state.remove(props.id))}>
+                        <FaDeleteLeft />
+                    </IconButton>
+                </Flex>
+            }
+        </Flex>
+    )
+}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/TodosState.ts
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/TodosState.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { KeyValueStore } from "@effect/platform"
 import { BrowserKeyValueStore } from "@effect/platform-browser"
 import { Chunk, Console, Effect, Option, Schema, Stream, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
-import { Lens, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { Subscribable, SubscriptionSubRef } from "effect-fc"
 import { Todo } from "@/domain"


@@ -30,29 +30,27 @@ export class TodosState extends Effect.Service<TodosState>()("TodosState", {
                : kv.remove(key)
        )

-        const lens = Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(yield* readFromLocalStorage))
-        yield* Effect.forkScoped(lens.changes.pipe(
+        const ref = yield* SubscriptionRef.make(yield* readFromLocalStorage)
+        yield* Effect.forkScoped(ref.changes.pipe(
            Stream.debounce("500 millis"),
            Stream.runForEach(saveToLocalStorage),
        ))
-        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Lens.get(lens).pipe(
+        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => ref.pipe(
            Effect.andThen(saveToLocalStorage),
            Effect.ignore,
        ))

-        const sizeSubscribable = Subscribable.map(lens, Chunk.size)
+        const sizeSubscribable = Subscribable.make({
+            get: Effect.andThen(ref, Chunk.size),
+            get changes() { return Stream.map(ref.changes, Chunk.size) },
+        })
+        const getElementRef = (id: string) => SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromChunkFindFirst(ref, v => v.id === id)
+        const getIndexSubscribable = (id: string) => Subscribable.make({
+            get: Effect.flatMap(ref, Chunk.findFirstIndex(v => v.id === id)),
+            get changes() { return Stream.flatMap(ref.changes, Chunk.findFirstIndex(v => v.id === id)) },
+        })

-        const getElementLens = (id: string) => Lens.mapEffect(
-            lens,
-            Chunk.findFirst(v => v.id === id),
-            (a, b) => Effect.flatMap(
-                Chunk.findFirstIndex(a, v => v.id === id),
-                i => Chunk.replaceOption(a, i, b),
-            )
-        )
-        const getIndexSubscribable = (id: string) => Subscribable.mapEffect(lens, Chunk.findFirstIndex(v => v.id === id))
-
-        const moveLeft = (id: string) => Lens.updateEffect(lens, todos => Effect.Do.pipe(
+        const moveLeft = (id: string) => SubscriptionRef.updateEffect(ref, todos => Effect.Do.pipe(
            Effect.bind("index", () => Chunk.findFirstIndex(todos, v => v.id === id)),
            Effect.bind("todo", ({ index }) => Chunk.get(todos, index)),
            Effect.bind("previous", ({ index }) => Chunk.get(todos, index - 1)),
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ export class TodosState extends Effect.Service<TodosState>()("TodosState", {
                : todos
            ),
        ))
-        const moveRight = (id: string) => Lens.updateEffect(lens, todos => Effect.Do.pipe(
+        const moveRight = (id: string) => SubscriptionRef.updateEffect(ref, todos => Effect.Do.pipe(
            Effect.bind("index", () => Chunk.findFirstIndex(todos, v => v.id === id)),
            Effect.bind("todo", ({ index }) => Chunk.get(todos, index)),
            Effect.bind("next", ({ index }) => Chunk.get(todos, index + 1)),
@@ -76,15 +74,15 @@ export class TodosState extends Effect.Service<TodosState>()("TodosState", {
                : todos
            ),
        ))
-        const remove = (id: string) => Lens.updateEffect(lens, todos => Effect.andThen(
+        const remove = (id: string) => SubscriptionRef.updateEffect(ref, todos => Effect.andThen(
            Chunk.findFirstIndex(todos, v => v.id === id),
            index => Chunk.remove(todos, index),
        ))

        return {
-            lens,
+            ref,
            sizeSubscribable,
-            getElementLens,
+            getElementRef,
            getIndexSubscribable,
            moveLeft,
            moveRight,
--- a/packages/example/src/todo/TodosView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/TodosView.tsx
@@ -1,32 +1,30 @@
 import { Container, Flex, Heading } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { Chunk, Console, Effect } from "effect"
 import { Component, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
-import { EditTodoView } from "./EditTodoView"
-import { NewTodoView } from "./NewTodoView"
 import { TodosState } from "./TodosState"
+import { TodoView } from "./TodoView"


 export class TodosView extends Component.make("TodosView")(function*() {
    const state = yield* TodosState
-    const [todos] = yield* Subscribable.useAll([state.lens])
+    const [todos] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([state.ref])

    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.andThen(
        Console.log("Todos mounted"),
        Effect.addFinalizer(() => Console.log("Todos unmounted")),
    ))

-    const NewTodo = yield* NewTodoView.use
-    const EditTodo = yield* EditTodoView.use
+    const Todo = yield* TodoView.use

    return (
        <Container>
            <Heading align="center">Todos</Heading>

            <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2" mt="2">
-                <NewTodo />
+                <Todo _tag="new" />

                {Chunk.map(todos, todo =>
-                    <EditTodo key={todo.id} id={todo.id} />
+                    <Todo key={todo.id} _tag="edit" id={todo.id} />
                )}
            </Flex>
        </Container>