Merge branch 'next' into docs

Fix
Update docs
2026-03-11 21:53:17 +01:00 · 2026-03-11 21:42:19 +01:00 · 2026-03-11 21:20:20 +01:00 · 2026-03-10 20:51:04 +01:00 · 2026-03-10 20:49:13 +01:00 · 2026-03-10 20:48:31 +01:00
25 changed files with 808 additions and 1126 deletions
--- a/bun.lock
+++ b/bun.lock
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@effect-fc/monorepo",
-  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.11",
+  "packageManager": "bun@1.3.6",
  "private": true,
  "workspaces": [
    "./packages/*"
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
    "clean:modules": "turbo clean:modules && rm -rf node_modules"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@biomejs/biome": "^2.4.9",
-    "@effect/language-service": "^0.84.2",
-    "@types/bun": "^1.3.11",
-    "npm-check-updates": "^19.6.6",
+    "@biomejs/biome": "^2.3.11",
+    "@effect/language-service": "^0.75.0",
+    "@types/bun": "^1.3.6",
+    "npm-check-updates": "^19.3.1",
    "npm-sort": "^0.0.4",
-    "turbo": "^2.8.21",
-    "typescript": "^6.0.2"
+    "turbo": "^2.7.5",
+    "typescript": "^5.9.3"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/docs/biome.json
+++ b/packages/docs/biome.json
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "$schema": "https://biomejs.dev/schemas/latest/schema.json",
-  "root": false,
-  "extends": "//",
-  "files": {
-    "includes": ["./src/**"]
-  }
-}
--- a/packages/docs/docs/intro.md
+++ b/packages/docs/docs/intro.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ sidebar_position: 1

 # Effect FC

-Welcome to **Effect FC** (as in: Effect **F**unction **C**omponent) – a powerful integration of [Effect](https://effect.website/) with React 19.2+ that enables you to write React function components using Effect generators.
+Welcome to **Effect FC** – a powerful integration of [Effect-TS](https://effect.website/) with React 19.2+ that enables you to write function components using Effect generators.

 ## What is Effect FC?

@@ -12,54 +12,42 @@ Effect FC allows you to harness the full power of Effect-TS within your React co

 ### Key Features

- **Effect Integration**: Write your function component logic using Effect.
+- **Effect-TS Integration**: Write components using Effect generators for powerful, composable effects
 - **Type Safety**: Full TypeScript support with Effect's comprehensive type system
- **Dependency Injection**: Built-in support for providing dependencies to components using Effect services.
- **Resource Management**: Automatic cleanup and finalization of component resources using the `Scope` API.
+- **Resource Management**: Automatic cleanup and finalization of resources
+- **Dependency Injection**: Built-in support for providing dependencies to components
+- **React 19.2+ Compatible**: Leverages the latest React features

 ## Quick Example

 Here's what writing an Effect FC component looks like:

 ```typescript
-export class TodosView extends Component.make("TodosView")(function*() {
+export class Todos extends Component.make("Todos")(function*() {
    const state = yield* TodosState
-    const [todos] = yield* Component.useSubscribables([state.subscriptionRef])
+    const [todos] = yield* useSubscribables(state.ref)

-    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.andThen(
+    yield* useOnMount(() => Effect.andThen(
        Console.log("Todos mounted"),
        Effect.addFinalizer(() => Console.log("Todos unmounted")),
    ))

-    const Todo = yield* TodoView.use
+    const TodoFC = yield* Todo

    return (
        <Container>
            <Heading align="center">Todos</Heading>

            <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2" mt="2">
-                <Todo _tag="new" />
+                <TodoFC _tag="new" />

                {Chunk.map(todos, todo =>
-                    <Todo key={todo.id} _tag="edit" id={todo.id} />
+                    <TodoFC key={todo.id} _tag="edit" id={todo.id} />
                )}
            </Flex>
        </Container>
    )
 }) {}
-
-const Index = Component.make("IndexView")(function*() {
-    const context = yield* Component.useContextFromLayer(TodosState.Default)
-    const Todos = yield* Effect.provide(TodosView.use, context)
-
-    return <Todos />
-}).pipe(
-    Component.withRuntime(runtime.context)
-)
-
-export const Route = createFileRoute("/")({
-    component: Index
-})
 ```

 ## Getting Started
@@ -92,6 +80,7 @@ pnpm add effect-fc effect react

 - Explore the [Tutorial Basics](./tutorial-basics/create-a-document.md) to learn the fundamentals
 - Check out the [Example Project](https://github.com/your-repo/packages/example) for a complete working application
+- Read the [API Documentation](./api/) for detailed reference

 ## Important Notes

--- a/packages/docs/docusaurus.config.ts
+++ b/packages/docs/docusaurus.config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import type * as Preset from '@docusaurus/preset-classic';
-import type {Config} from '@docusaurus/types';
 import {themes as prismThemes} from 'prism-react-renderer';
+import type {Config} from '@docusaurus/types';
+import type * as Preset from '@docusaurus/preset-classic';

 // This runs in Node.js - Don't use client-side code here (browser APIs, JSX...)

--- a/packages/docs/package.json
+++ b/packages/docs/package.json
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    "@docusaurus/module-type-aliases": "3.9.2",
    "@docusaurus/tsconfig": "3.9.2",
    "@docusaurus/types": "3.9.2",
-    "typescript": "~6.0.0"
+    "typescript": "~5.6.2"
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
--- a/packages/docs/src/pages/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/docs/src/pages/index.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+import type {ReactNode} from 'react';
+import clsx from 'clsx';
 import Link from '@docusaurus/Link';
 import useDocusaurusContext from '@docusaurus/useDocusaurusContext';
+import Layout from '@theme/Layout';
 import HomepageFeatures from '@site/src/components/HomepageFeatures';
 import Heading from '@theme/Heading';
-import Layout from '@theme/Layout';
-import clsx from 'clsx';
-import type {ReactNode} from 'react';

 import styles from './index.module.css';

--- a/packages/effect-fc/README.md
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/README.md
@@ -15,37 +15,39 @@ Documentation is currently being written. In the meantime, you can take a look a

 ## What writing components looks like
 ```typescript
-export class TodosView extends Component.make("TodosView")(function*() {
+export class Todos extends Component.make("Todos")(function*() {
    const state = yield* TodosState
-    const [todos] = yield* Component.useSubscribables([state.subscriptionRef])
+    const [todos] = yield* useSubscribables(state.ref)

-    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.andThen(
+    yield* useOnMount(() => Effect.andThen(
        Console.log("Todos mounted"),
        Effect.addFinalizer(() => Console.log("Todos unmounted")),
    ))

-    const Todo = yield* TodoView.use
+    const TodoFC = yield* Todo

    return (
        <Container>
            <Heading align="center">Todos</Heading>

            <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2" mt="2">
-                <Todo _tag="new" />
+                <TodoFC _tag="new" />

                {Chunk.map(todos, todo =>
-                    <Todo key={todo.id} _tag="edit" id={todo.id} />
+                    <TodoFC key={todo.id} _tag="edit" id={todo.id} />
                )}
            </Flex>
        </Container>
    )
 }) {}

-const Index = Component.make("IndexView")(function*() {
-    const context = yield* Component.useContextFromLayer(TodosState.Default)
-    const Todos = yield* Effect.provide(TodosView.use, context)
+const TodosStateLive = TodosState.Default("todos")

-    return <Todos />
+const Index = Component.make("Index")(function*() {
+    const context = yield* useContext(TodosStateLive)
+    const TodosFC = yield* Effect.provide(Todos, context)
+
+    return <TodosFC />
 }).pipe(
    Component.withRuntime(runtime.context)
 )
--- a/packages/effect-fc/package.json
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "effect-fc",
  "description": "Write React function components with Effect",
-  "version": "0.2.5",
+  "version": "0.2.3",
  "type": "module",
  "files": [
    "./README.md",
@@ -38,14 +38,11 @@
    "clean:modules": "rm -rf node_modules"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@effect/platform-browser": "^0.76.0"
+    "@effect/platform-browser": "^0.74.0"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "@types/react": "^19.2.0",
-    "effect": "^3.21.0",
+    "effect": "^3.19.0",
    "react": "^19.2.0"
-  },
-  "dependencies": {
-    "effect-lens": "^0.1.4"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Form.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Form.ts
@@ -1,101 +1,105 @@
-import { Array, Cause, Chunk, type Context, type Duration, Effect, Equal, Exit, Fiber, Function, identity, Option, ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, Schema, type Scope, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Array, Cause, Chunk, type Context, type Duration, Effect, Equal, Exit, Fiber, flow, Hash, HashMap, identity, Option, ParseResult, Pipeable, Predicate, Ref, Schema, type Scope, Stream } from "effect"
 import type * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"
-import * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
 import * as Mutation from "./Mutation.js"
+import * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
 import * as Result from "./Result.js"
 import * as Subscribable from "./Subscribable.js"
 import * as SubscriptionRef from "./SubscriptionRef.js"
+import * as SubscriptionSubRef from "./SubscriptionSubRef.js"


 export const FormTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/Form")
 export type FormTypeId = typeof FormTypeId

-export interface Form<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], in out A, in out I = A, in out ER = never, in out EW = never>
+export interface Form<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
 extends Pipeable.Pipeable {
    readonly [FormTypeId]: FormTypeId

-    readonly path: P
-    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, ER, never>
-    readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, ER, EW, never, never>
-    readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never>
-    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, ER, never>
-    readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-    readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>
-}
-
-export class FormImpl<out P extends readonly PropertyKey[], in out A, in out I = A, in out ER = never, in out EW = never>
-extends Pipeable.Class() implements Form<P, A, I, ER, EW> {
-    readonly [FormTypeId]: FormTypeId = FormTypeId
-
-    constructor(
-        readonly path: P,
-        readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, ER, never>,
-        readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, ER, EW, never, never>,
-        readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never>,
-        readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-        readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-        readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-    ) {
-        super()
-    }
-}
-
-
-export const RootFormTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/RootForm")
-export type RootFormTypeId = typeof RootFormTypeId
-
-export interface RootForm<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-extends Form<readonly [], A, I, never, never> {
    readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
    readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>
    readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
-        readonly [value: A, form: RootForm<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+        readonly [value: A, form: Form<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
        MA, ME, MR, MP
    >
    readonly autosubmit: boolean
+    readonly debounce: Option.Option<Duration.DurationInput>

-    readonly validationFiber: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never>
+    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>>
+    readonly encodedValue: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<I>
+    readonly error: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<ParseResult.ParseError>>
+    readonly validationFiber: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>>
+
+    readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+
+    field<const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<I>>(
+        path: P
+    ): Effect.Effect<FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>>

    readonly run: Effect.Effect<void>
    readonly submit: Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>
 }

-export class RootFormImpl<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
-extends Pipeable.Class() implements RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
+export class FormImpl<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
+extends Pipeable.Class() implements Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
    readonly [FormTypeId]: FormTypeId = FormTypeId
-    readonly [RootFormTypeId]: RootFormTypeId = RootFormTypeId
-
-    readonly path = [] as const

    constructor(
        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>,
        readonly context: Context.Context<Scope.Scope | R>,
        readonly mutation: Mutation.Mutation<
-            readonly [value: A, form: RootForm<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+            readonly [value: A, form: Form<A, I, R, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
            MA, ME, MR, MP
        >,
        readonly autosubmit: boolean,
+        readonly debounce: Option.Option<Duration.DurationInput>,

-        readonly value: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<A>, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly encodedValue: Lens.Lens<I, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly issues: Lens.Lens<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[], never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly validationFiber: Lens.Lens<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>, never, never, never, never>,
-        readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-
-        readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
-        readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean, never, never>,
+        readonly value: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Option.Option<A>>,
+        readonly encodedValue: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<I>,
+        readonly error: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Option.Option<ParseResult.ParseError>>,
+        readonly validationFiber: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<Option.Option<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>>,

        readonly runSemaphore: Effect.Semaphore,
+        readonly fieldCache: Ref.Ref<HashMap.HashMap<FormFieldKey, FormField<unknown, unknown>>>,
    ) {
        super()
+
+        this.canSubmit = Subscribable.map(
+            Subscribable.zipLatestAll(this.value, this.error, this.validationFiber, this.mutation.result),
+            ([value, error, validationFiber, result]) => (
+                Option.isSome(value) &&
+                Option.isNone(error) &&
+                Option.isNone(validationFiber) &&
+                !(Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result))
+            ),
+        )
    }

+    field<const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<I>>(
+        path: P
+    ): Effect.Effect<FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>> {
+        const key = new FormFieldKey(path)
+        return this.fieldCache.pipe(
+            Effect.map(HashMap.get(key)),
+            Effect.flatMap(Option.match({
+                onSome: v => Effect.succeed(v as FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>>),
+                onNone: () => Effect.tap(
+                    Effect.succeed(makeFormField(this as Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>, path)),
+                    v => Ref.update(this.fieldCache, HashMap.set(key, v as FormField<unknown, unknown>)),
+                ),
+            })),
+        )
+    }
+
+    readonly canSubmit: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+
    get run(): Effect.Effect<void> {
        return this.runSemaphore.withPermits(1)(Stream.runForEach(
-            this.encodedValue.changes,
+            this.encodedValue.changes.pipe(
+                Option.isSome(this.debounce) ? Stream.debounce(this.debounce.value) : identity
+            ),

-            encodedValue => Lens.get(this.validationFiber).pipe(
+            encodedValue => this.validationFiber.pipe(
                Effect.andThen(Option.match({
                    onSome: Fiber.interrupt,
                    onNone: () => Effect.void,
@@ -106,21 +110,18 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
                        exit => Effect.andThen(
                            Exit.matchEffect(exit, {
                                onSuccess: v => Effect.andThen(
-                                    Lens.set(this.value, Option.some(v)),
-                                    Lens.set(this.issues, Array.empty()),
+                                    Ref.set(this.value, Option.some(v)),
+                                    Ref.set(this.error, Option.none()),
                                ),
                                onFailure: c => Option.match(Chunk.findFirst(Cause.failures(c), e => e._tag === "ParseError"), {
-                                    onSome: e => Effect.flatMap(
-                                        ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError(e),
-                                        v => Lens.set(this.issues, v),
-                                    ),
+                                    onSome: e => Ref.set(this.error, Option.some(e)),
                                    onNone: () => Effect.void,
                                }),
                            }),
-                            Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.none()),
+                            Ref.set(this.validationFiber, Option.none()),
                        ),
                    )).pipe(
-                        Effect.tap(fiber => Lens.set(this.validationFiber, Option.some(fiber))),
+                        Effect.tap(fiber => Ref.set(this.validationFiber, Option.some(fiber))),
                        Effect.andThen(Fiber.join),
                        Effect.andThen(value => this.autosubmit
                            ? Effect.asVoid(Effect.forkScoped(this.submitValue(value)))
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
    }

    get submit(): Effect.Effect<Option.Option<Result.Final<MA, ME, MP>>, Cause.NoSuchElementException> {
-        return Lens.get(this.value).pipe(
+        return this.value.pipe(
            Effect.andThen(identity),
            Effect.andThen(value => this.submitValue(value)),
        )
@@ -152,10 +153,7 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
                            e => e._tag === "ParseError",
                        ),
                        {
-                            onSome: e => Effect.flatMap(
-                                ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError(e),
-                                v => Lens.set(this.issues, v),
-                            ),
+                            onSome: e => Ref.set(this.error, Option.some(e)),
                            onNone: () => Effect.void,
                        },
                    )
@@ -166,59 +164,42 @@ extends Pipeable.Class() implements RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP> {
    }
 }

-
-export const isForm = (u: unknown): u is Form<readonly PropertyKey[], unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormTypeId)
-export const isRootForm = (u: unknown): u is RootForm<readonly PropertyKey[], unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, RootFormTypeId)
-
+export const isForm = (u: unknown): u is Form<unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormTypeId)

 export declare namespace make {
    export interface Options<in out A, in out I = A, in out R = never, in out MA = void, in out ME = never, in out MR = never, in out MP = never>
    extends Mutation.make.Options<
-        readonly [value: NoInfer<A>, form: RootForm<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<I>, NoInfer<R>, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
+        readonly [value: NoInfer<A>, form: Form<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<I>, NoInfer<R>, unknown, unknown, unknown>],
        MA, ME, MR, MP
    > {
        readonly schema: Schema.Schema<A, I, R>
        readonly initialEncodedValue: NoInfer<I>
        readonly autosubmit?: boolean
+        readonly debounce?: Duration.DurationInput
    }
 }

 export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
    options: make.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>, MP>,
+    Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>, MP>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>
+    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>
 > {
-    const mutation = yield* Mutation.make(options)
-    const valueLens = Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<A>()))
-    const issuesLens = Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>(Array.empty()))
-    const validationFiberLens = Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>()))
-
-    return new RootFormImpl(
+    return new FormImpl(
        options.schema,
        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | R>(),
-        mutation,
+        yield* Mutation.make(options),
        options.autosubmit ?? false,
+        Option.fromNullable(options.debounce),

-        valueLens,
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef(yield* SubscriptionRef.make(options.initialEncodedValue)),
-        issuesLens,
-        validationFiberLens,
-        Subscribable.map(validationFiberLens, Option.isSome),
-
-        Subscribable.map(
-            Subscribable.zipLatestAll(valueLens, issuesLens, validationFiberLens, mutation.result),
-            ([value, issues, validationFiber, result]) => (
-                Option.isSome(value) &&
-                Array.isEmptyReadonlyArray(issues) &&
-                Option.isNone(validationFiber) &&
-                !(Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result))
-            ),
-        ),
-        Subscribable.map(mutation.result, result => Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result)),
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<A>()),
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.make(options.initialEncodedValue),
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<ParseResult.ParseError>()),
+        yield* SubscriptionRef.make(Option.none<Fiber.Fiber<A, ParseResult.ParseError>>()),

        yield* Effect.makeSemaphore(1),
+        yield* Ref.make(HashMap.empty<FormFieldKey, FormField<unknown, unknown>>()),
    )
 })

@@ -230,125 +211,83 @@ export declare namespace service {
 export const service = <A, I = A, R = never, MA = void, ME = never, MR = never, MP = never>(
    options: service.Options<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>
 ): Effect.Effect<
-    RootForm<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>, MP>,
+    Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>, MP>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MR, MP>
+    Scope.Scope | R | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<MA, ME, MR, MP>
 > => Effect.tap(
    make(options),
    form => Effect.forkScoped(form.run),
 )


-const filterIssuesByPath = (
-    issues: readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[],
-    path: readonly PropertyKey[],
-): readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[] => Array.filter(issues, issue =>
-    issue.path.length >= path.length && Array.every(path, (p, i) => p === issue.path[i])
-)
+export const FormFieldTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/FormField")
+export type FormFieldTypeId = typeof FormFieldTypeId

-export const focusObjectField: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        key: K,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-        key: K,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends object, I extends object, ER, EW, K extends keyof A & keyof I>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    key: K,
-): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, key] as const
+export interface FormField<in out A, in out I = A>
+extends Pipeable.Pipeable {
+    readonly [FormFieldTypeId]: FormFieldTypeId

-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOption(form.value, a => a[key]),
-        Lens.focusObjectField(form.encodedValue, key),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canSubmit,
-        form.isSubmitting,
+    readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>
+    readonly encodedValue: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<I>
+    readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>
+    readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+    readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>
+}
+
+class FormFieldImpl<in out A, in out I = A>
+extends Pipeable.Class() implements FormField<A, I> {
+    readonly [FormFieldTypeId]: FormFieldTypeId = FormFieldTypeId
+
+    constructor(
+        readonly value: Subscribable.Subscribable<Option.Option<A>, Cause.NoSuchElementException>,
+        readonly encodedValue: SubscriptionRef.SubscriptionRef<I>,
+        readonly issues: Subscribable.Subscribable<readonly ParseResult.ArrayFormatterIssue[]>,
+        readonly isValidating: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>,
+        readonly isSubmitting: Subscribable.Subscribable<boolean>,
+    ) {
+        super()
+    }
+}
+
+const FormFieldKeyTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Form/FormFieldKey")
+type FormFieldKeyTypeId = typeof FormFieldKeyTypeId
+
+class FormFieldKey implements Equal.Equal {
+    readonly [FormFieldKeyTypeId]: FormFieldKeyTypeId = FormFieldKeyTypeId
+    constructor(readonly path: PropertyPath.PropertyPath) {}
+
+    [Equal.symbol](that: Equal.Equal) {
+        return isFormFieldKey(that) && PropertyPath.equivalence(this.path, that.path)
+    }
+    [Hash.symbol]() {
+        return Hash.array(this.path)
+    }
+}
+
+export const isFormField = (u: unknown): u is FormField<unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormFieldTypeId)
+const isFormFieldKey = (u: unknown): u is FormFieldKey => Predicate.hasProperty(u, FormFieldKeyTypeId)
+
+export const makeFormField = <A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP, const P extends PropertyPath.Paths<NoInfer<I>>>(
+    self: Form<A, I, R, MA, ME, MR, MP>,
+    path: P,
+): FormField<PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<A, P>, PropertyPath.ValueFromPath<I, P>> => {
+    return new FormFieldImpl(
+        Subscribable.mapEffect(self.value, Option.match({
+            onSome: v => Option.map(PropertyPath.get(v, path), Option.some),
+            onNone: () => Option.some(Option.none()),
+        })),
+        SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(self.encodedValue, path),
+        Subscribable.mapEffect(self.error, Option.match({
+            onSome: flow(
+                ParseResult.ArrayFormatter.formatError,
+                Effect.map(Array.filter(issue => PropertyPath.equivalence(issue.path, path))),
+            ),
+            onNone: () => Effect.succeed([]),
+        })),
+        Subscribable.map(self.validationFiber, Option.isSome),
+        Subscribable.map(self.mutation.result, result => Result.isRunning(result) || Result.hasRefreshingFlag(result)),
    )
-})
-
-export const focusArrayAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        index: number,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-        index: number,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly any[], I extends readonly any[], ER, EW>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    index: number,
-): Form<readonly [...P, number], A[number], I[number], ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW | Cause.NoSuchElementException> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOptionEffect(form.value, Array.get(index)),
-        Lens.focusArrayAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canSubmit,
-        form.isSubmitting,
-    )
-})
-
-export const focusTupleAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-        self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-        index: K,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-        index: K,
-    ): (self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A extends readonly [any, ...any[]], I extends readonly [any, ...any[]], ER, EW, K extends number>(
-    self: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
-    index: K,
-): Form<readonly [...P, K], A[K], I[K], ER, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, A, I, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOption(form.value, Array.unsafeGet(index)),
-        Lens.focusTupleAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canSubmit,
-        form.isSubmitting,
-    )
-})
-
-export const focusChunkAt: {
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-        self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>,
-        index: number,
-    ): Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW>
-    <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-        index: number,
-    ): (self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>) => Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW>
-} = Function.dual(2, <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    self: Form<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>,
-    index: number,
-): Form<readonly [...P, number], A, I, ER | Cause.NoSuchElementException, EW> => {
-    const form = self as FormImpl<P, Chunk.Chunk<A>, Chunk.Chunk<I>, ER, EW>
-    const path = [...form.path, index] as const
-
-    return new FormImpl(
-        path,
-        Subscribable.mapOptionEffect(form.value, Chunk.get(index)),
-        Lens.focusChunkAt(form.encodedValue, index),
-        Subscribable.map(form.issues, issues => filterIssuesByPath(issues, path)),
-        form.isValidating,
-        form.canSubmit,
-        form.isSubmitting,
-    )
-})
+}


 export namespace useInput {
@@ -362,39 +301,33 @@ export namespace useInput {
    }
 }

-export const useInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    form: Form<P, A, I, ER, EW>,
+export const useInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I>(
+    field: FormField<A, I>,
    options?: useInput.Options,
-): Effect.fn.Return<useInput.Success<I>, ER, Scope.Scope> {
-    const internalValueLens = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const internalValueLens = yield* Lens.get(form.encodedValue).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap(SubscriptionRef.make),
-            Effect.map(Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
-        )
-
-        yield* Effect.forkScoped(Effect.all([
+): Effect.fn.Return<useInput.Success<I>, Cause.NoSuchElementException, Scope.Scope> {
+    const internalValueRef = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.tap(
+        Effect.andThen(field.encodedValue, SubscriptionRef.make),
+        internalValueRef => Effect.forkScoped(Effect.all([
            Stream.runForEach(
-                Stream.drop(form.encodedValue.changes, 1),
+                Stream.drop(field.encodedValue, 1),
                upstreamEncodedValue => Effect.whenEffect(
-                    Lens.set(internalValueLens, upstreamEncodedValue),
-                    Effect.andThen(Lens.get(internalValueLens), internalValue => !Equal.equals(upstreamEncodedValue, internalValue)),
+                    Ref.set(internalValueRef, upstreamEncodedValue),
+                    Effect.andThen(internalValueRef, internalValue => !Equal.equals(upstreamEncodedValue, internalValue)),
                ),
            ),

            Stream.runForEach(
-                internalValueLens.changes.pipe(
+                internalValueRef.changes.pipe(
                    Stream.drop(1),
                    Stream.changesWith(Equal.equivalence()),
                    options?.debounce ? Stream.debounce(options.debounce) : identity,
                ),
-                internalValue => Lens.set(form.encodedValue, internalValue),
+                internalValue => Ref.set(field.encodedValue, internalValue),
            ),
-        ], { concurrency: "unbounded" }))
+        ], { concurrency: "unbounded" })),
+    ), [field, options?.debounce])

-        return internalValueLens
-    }), [form, options?.debounce])
-
-    const [value, setValue] = yield* Lens.useState(internalValueLens)
+    const [value, setValue] = yield* SubscriptionRef.useSubscriptionRefState(internalValueRef)
    return { value, setValue }
 })

@@ -409,63 +342,55 @@ export namespace useOptionalInput {
    }
 }

-export const useOptionalInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <P extends readonly PropertyKey[], A, I, ER, EW>(
-    field: Form<P, A, Option.Option<I>, ER, EW>,
+export const useOptionalInput = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, I>(
+    field: FormField<A, Option.Option<I>>,
    options: useOptionalInput.Options<I>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<useOptionalInput.Success<I>, ER, Scope.Scope> {
-    const [enabledLens, internalValueLens] = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const [enabledLens, internalValueLens] = yield* Effect.flatMap(
-            Lens.get(field.encodedValue),
+): Effect.fn.Return<useOptionalInput.Success<I>, Cause.NoSuchElementException, Scope.Scope> {
+    const [enabledRef, internalValueRef] = yield* Component.useOnChange(() => Effect.tap(
+        Effect.andThen(
+            field.encodedValue,
            Option.match({
-                onSome: v => Effect.all([
-                    Effect.map(SubscriptionRef.make(true), Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
-                    Effect.map(SubscriptionRef.make(v), Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
-                ]),
-                onNone: () => Effect.all([
-                    Effect.map(SubscriptionRef.make(false), Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
-                    Effect.map(SubscriptionRef.make(options.defaultValue), Lens.fromSubscriptionRef),
-                ]),
+                onSome: v => Effect.all([SubscriptionRef.make(true), SubscriptionRef.make(v)]),
+                onNone: () => Effect.all([SubscriptionRef.make(false), SubscriptionRef.make(options.defaultValue)]),
            }),
-        )
+        ),

-        yield* Effect.forkScoped(Effect.all([
+        ([enabledRef, internalValueRef]) => Effect.forkScoped(Effect.all([
            Stream.runForEach(
-                Stream.drop(field.encodedValue.changes, 1),
+                Stream.drop(field.encodedValue, 1),

                upstreamEncodedValue => Effect.whenEffect(
                    Option.match(upstreamEncodedValue, {
                        onSome: v => Effect.andThen(
-                            Lens.set(enabledLens, true),
-                            Lens.set(internalValueLens, v),
+                            Ref.set(enabledRef, true),
+                            Ref.set(internalValueRef, v),
                        ),
                        onNone: () => Effect.andThen(
-                            Lens.set(enabledLens, false),
-                            Lens.set(internalValueLens, options.defaultValue),
+                            Ref.set(enabledRef, false),
+                            Ref.set(internalValueRef, options.defaultValue),
                        ),
                    }),

                    Effect.andThen(
-                        Effect.all([Lens.get(enabledLens), Lens.get(internalValueLens)]),
+                        Effect.all([enabledRef, internalValueRef]),
                        ([enabled, internalValue]) => !Equal.equals(upstreamEncodedValue, enabled ? Option.some(internalValue) : Option.none()),
                    ),
                ),
            ),

            Stream.runForEach(
-                enabledLens.changes.pipe(
-                    Stream.zipLatest(internalValueLens.changes),
+                enabledRef.changes.pipe(
+                    Stream.zipLatest(internalValueRef.changes),
                    Stream.drop(1),
                    Stream.changesWith(Equal.equivalence()),
                    options?.debounce ? Stream.debounce(options.debounce) : identity,
                ),
-                ([enabled, internalValue]) => Lens.set(field.encodedValue, enabled ? Option.some(internalValue) : Option.none()),
+                ([enabled, internalValue]) => Ref.set(field.encodedValue, enabled ? Option.some(internalValue) : Option.none()),
            ),
-        ], { concurrency: "unbounded" }))
+        ], { concurrency: "unbounded" })),
+    ), [field, options.debounce])

-        return [enabledLens, internalValueLens] as const
-    }), [field, options.debounce])
-
-    const [enabled, setEnabled] = yield* Lens.useState(enabledLens)
-    const [value, setValue] = yield* Lens.useState(internalValueLens)
+    const [enabled, setEnabled] = yield* SubscriptionRef.useSubscriptionRefState(enabledRef)
+    const [value, setValue] = yield* SubscriptionRef.useSubscriptionRefState(internalValueRef)
    return { enabled, setEnabled, value, setValue }
 })
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Lens.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Lens.ts
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Lens } from "effect-lens"
-import * as React from "react"
-import * as Component from "./Component.js"
-import * as SetStateAction from "./SetStateAction.js"
-import * as SubscriptionRef from "./SubscriptionRef.js"
-
-
-export * from "effect-lens/Lens"
-
-export declare namespace useState {
-    export interface Options<A> {
-        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
-    }
-}
-
-export const useState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, ER, EW, RR, RW>(
-    lens: Lens.Lens<A, ER, EW, RR, RW>,
-    options?: useState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<readonly [A, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<A>>], ER, RR | RW> {
-    const [reactStateValue, setReactStateValue] = React.useState(yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Lens.get(lens)))
-
-    yield* Component.useReactEffect(() => Effect.forkScoped(
-        Stream.runForEach(
-            Stream.changesWith(lens.changes, options?.equivalence ?? Equivalence.strict()),
-            v => Effect.sync(() => setReactStateValue(v)),
-        )
-    ), [lens])
-
-    const setValue = yield* Component.useCallbackSync(
-        (setStateAction: React.SetStateAction<A>) => Effect.andThen(
-            Lens.updateAndGet(lens, prevState => SetStateAction.value(setStateAction, prevState)),
-            v => setReactStateValue(v),
-        ),
-        [lens],
-    )
-
-    return [reactStateValue, setValue]
-})
-
-export declare namespace useFromState {
-    export interface Options<A> {
-        readonly equivalence?: Equivalence.Equivalence<A>
-    }
-}
-
-export const useFromState = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A>(
-    [value, setValue]: readonly [A, React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<A>>],
-    options?: useFromState.Options<NoInfer<A>>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<Lens.Lens<A, never, never, never, never>> {
-    const lens = yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.map(
-        SubscriptionRef.make(value),
-        Lens.fromSubscriptionRef,
-    ))
-
-    yield* Component.useReactEffect(() => Effect.forkScoped(Stream.runForEach(
-        Stream.changesWith(lens.changes, options?.equivalence ?? Equivalence.strict()),
-        v => Effect.sync(() => setValue(v)),
-    )), [setValue])
-    yield* Component.useReactEffect(() => Lens.set(lens, value), [value])
-
-    return lens
-})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Mutation.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Mutation.ts
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@ export declare namespace make {
 export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const K extends Mutation.AnyKey = never, A = void, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    Mutation<K, A, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Mutation<K, A, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > {
    return new MutationImpl(
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>>(),
+        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>>(),
        options.f as any,
        options.initialProgress as P,

--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/PropertyPath.test.ts
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Option } from "effect"
-import * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
-
-
-describe("immutableSet with arrays", () => {
-    test("sets a top-level array element", () => {
-        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [1], 99)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([1, 99, 3]))
-    })
-
-    test("does not mutate the original array", () => {
-        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
-        PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [0], 42)
-        expect(arr).toEqual([1, 2, 3])
-    })
-
-    test("sets the first element of an array", () => {
-        const arr = ["a", "b", "c"]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [0], "z")
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some(["z", "b", "c"]))
-    })
-
-    test("sets the last element of an array", () => {
-        const arr = [10, 20, 30]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [2], 99)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([10, 20, 99]))
-    })
-
-    test("sets a nested array element inside an object", () => {
-        const obj = { tags: ["foo", "bar", "baz"] }
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(obj, ["tags", 1], "qux")
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some({ tags: ["foo", "qux", "baz"] }))
-    })
-
-    test("sets a deeply nested value inside an array of objects", () => {
-        const obj = { items: [{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }] }
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(obj, ["items", 0, "name"], "charlie")
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some({ items: [{ name: "charlie" }, { name: "bob" }] }))
-    })
-
-    test("sets a value in a nested array", () => {
-        const matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(matrix, [1, 0], 99)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([[1, 2], [99, 4]]))
-    })
-
-    test("returns Option.none() for an out-of-bounds index", () => {
-        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [5], 99)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.none())
-    })
-
-    test("returns Option.none() for a non-numeric key on an array", () => {
-        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
-        // @ts-expect-error intentionally wrong key type
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, ["length"], 0)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.none())
-    })
-
-    test("empty path returns Option.some of the value itself", () => {
-        const arr = [1, 2, 3]
-        const result = PropertyPath.immutableSet(arr, [], [9, 9, 9] as any)
-        expect(result).toEqual(Option.some([9, 9, 9]))
-    })
-})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Query.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Query.ts
@@ -281,14 +281,14 @@ export declare namespace make {
 export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE = never, KR = never, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, KE, KR, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.fn.Return<
-    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > {
    const client = yield* QueryClient.QueryClient

-    return new QueryImpl<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>(
-        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>>(),
+    return new QueryImpl<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>(
+        yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>>(),
        options.key,
        options.f as any,
        options.initialProgress as P,
@@ -308,9 +308,9 @@ export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE =
 export const service = <K extends Query.AnyKey, A, KE = never, KR = never, E = never, R = never, P = never>(
    options: make.Options<K, A, KE, KR, E, R, P>
 ): Effect.Effect<
-    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>, P>,
+    Query<K, A, KE, KR, E, Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>, P>,
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    Scope.Scope | QueryClient.QueryClient | KR | Result.forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
 > => Effect.tap(
    make(options),
    query => Effect.forkScoped(query.run),
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Result.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Result.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { Cause, Context, Data, Effect, Equal, Exit, type Fiber, Hash, Layer, Match, pipe, Pipeable, Predicate, PubSub, Ref, type Scope, Stream, type Subscribable, SynchronizedRef } from "effect"
-import { Lens } from "effect-lens"
+import { Cause, Context, Data, Effect, Equal, Exit, type Fiber, Hash, Layer, Match, Pipeable, Predicate, PubSub, pipe, Ref, type Scope, Stream, Subscribable } from "effect"


 export const ResultTypeId: unique symbol = Symbol.for("@effect-fc/Result/Result")
@@ -16,6 +15,10 @@ export type Final<A, E = never, P = never> = (Success<A> | Failure<E>) & ({} | F
 export type Flags<P = never> = WillFetch | WillRefresh | Refreshing<P>

 export declare namespace Result {
+    export interface Prototype extends Pipeable.Pipeable, Equal.Equal {
+        readonly [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId
+    }
+
    export type Success<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer A, infer _E, infer _P>] ? A : never
    export type Failure<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer _A, infer E, infer _P>] ? E : never
    export type Progress<R extends Result<any, any, any>> = [R] extends [Result<infer _A, infer _E, infer P>] ? P : never
@@ -25,21 +28,21 @@ export declare namespace Flags {
    export type Keys = keyof WillFetch & WillRefresh & Refreshing<any>
 }

-export interface Initial extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Initial extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Initial"
 }

-export interface Running<P = never> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Running<P = never> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Running"
    readonly progress: P
 }

-export interface Success<A> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Success<A> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Success"
    readonly value: A
 }

-export interface Failure<E = never> extends ResultPrototype {
+export interface Failure<E = never> extends Result.Prototype {
    readonly _tag: "Failure"
    readonly cause: Cause.Cause<E>
 }
@@ -58,11 +61,7 @@ export interface Refreshing<P = never> {
 }


-export interface ResultPrototype extends Pipeable.Pipeable, Equal.Equal {
-    readonly [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId
-}
-
-export const ResultPrototype: ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
+const ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
    ...Pipeable.Prototype,
    [ResultTypeId]: ResultTypeId,

@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ export const ResultPrototype: ResultPrototype = Object.freeze({
            Hash.cached(this),
        )
    },
-} as const)
+} as const satisfies Result.Prototype)


 export const isResult = (u: unknown): u is Result<unknown, unknown, unknown> => Predicate.hasProperty(u, ResultTypeId)
@@ -163,40 +162,52 @@ export const toExit: {
 }


-export interface Progress<P = never> {
-    readonly progress: Lens.Lens<P, PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing, never, never, never>
+export interface State<A, E = never, P = never> {
+    readonly get: Effect.Effect<Result<A, E, P>>
+    readonly set: (v: Result<A, E, P>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export const State = <A, E = never, P = never>(): Context.Tag<State<A, E, P>, State<A, E, P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/State")
+
+export interface Progress<P = never> {
+    readonly update: <E, R>(
+        f: (previous: P) => Effect.Effect<P, E, R>
+    ) => Effect.Effect<void, PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing | E, R>
 }
-export const Progress = <P = never>(): Context.Tag<Progress<P>, Progress<P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/Progress")

 export class PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing extends Data.TaggedError("@effect-fc/Result/PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing")<{
    readonly previous: Result<unknown, unknown, unknown>
 }> {}

-export const makeProgressLayer = <A, E, P = never>(
-    state: Lens.Lens<Result<A, E, P>, never, never, never, never>
-): Layer.Layer<Progress<P> | Progress<never>, never, never> => Layer.succeed(
-    Progress<P>() as Context.Tag<Progress<P> | Progress<never>, Progress<P> | Progress<never>>,
-    {
-        progress: state.pipe(
-            Lens.mapEffect(
-                a => (isRunning(a) || hasRefreshingFlag(a))
-                    ? Effect.succeed(a)
-                    : Effect.fail(new PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing({ previous: a })),
-                (_, b) => Effect.succeed(b),
+export const Progress = <P = never>(): Context.Tag<Progress<P>, Progress<P>> => Context.GenericTag("@effect-fc/Result/Progress")
+
+export const makeProgressLayer = <A, E, P = never>(): Layer.Layer<
+    Progress<P>,
+    never,
+    State<A, E, P>
+> => Layer.effect(Progress<P>(), Effect.gen(function*() {
+    const state = yield* State<A, E, P>()
+
+    return {
+        update: <FE, FR>(f: (previous: P) => Effect.Effect<P, FE, FR>) => Effect.Do.pipe(
+            Effect.bind("previous", () => Effect.andThen(state.get, previous =>
+                (isRunning(previous) || hasRefreshingFlag(previous))
+                    ? Effect.succeed(previous)
+                    : Effect.fail(new PreviousResultNotRunningNorRefreshing({ previous })),
+            )),
+            Effect.bind("progress", ({ previous }) => f(previous.progress)),
+            Effect.let("next", ({ previous, progress }) => isRunning(previous)
+                ? running(progress)
+                : refreshing(previous, progress) as Final<A, E, P> & Refreshing<P>
            ),
-            Lens.map(
-                a => a.progress,
-                (a, b) => isRunning(a)
-                    ? running(b)
-                    : refreshing(a, b) as Final<A, E, P> & Refreshing<P>,
-            ),
-        )
-    },
-)
+            Effect.andThen(({ next }) => state.set(next)),
+        ),
+    }
+}))


 export namespace unsafeForkEffect {
-    export type OutputContext<R, P> = Exclude<R, Progress<P> | Progress<never>>
+    export type OutputContext<A, E, R, P> = Exclude<R, State<A, E, P> | Progress<P> | Progress<never>>

    export interface Options<A, E, P> {
        readonly initial?: Initial | Final<A, E, P>
@@ -204,56 +215,55 @@ export namespace unsafeForkEffect {
    }
 }

-export const unsafeForkEffect = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <A, E, R, P = never>(
+export const unsafeForkEffect = <A, E, R, P = never>(
    effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
    options?: unsafeForkEffect.Options<NoInfer<A>, NoInfer<E>, P>,
-): Effect.fn.Return<
+): Effect.Effect<
    readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
    never,
-    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
-> {
-    const ref = yield* SynchronizedRef.make<Result<A, E, P>>(options?.initial ?? initial<A, E, P>())
-    const pubsub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Result<A, E, P>>()
-
-    const state = Lens.make<Result<A, E, P>, never, never, never, never>({
-        get get() { return Ref.get(ref) },
-        get changes() {
-            return Stream.unwrapScoped(Effect.map(
-                Effect.all([Ref.get(ref), Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub, { scoped: true })]),
-                ([latest, stream]) => Stream.concat(Stream.make(latest), stream),
-            ))
-        },
-        modify: f => Ref.get(ref).pipe(
-            Effect.flatMap(f),
-            Effect.flatMap(([b, a]) => Ref.set(ref, a).pipe(
-                Effect.as(b),
-                Effect.zipLeft(PubSub.publish(pubsub, a))
-            )),
-        ),
-    })
-
-    const fiber = yield* Effect.gen(function*() {
-        yield* Lens.set(
-            state,
+    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
+> => Effect.Do.pipe(
+    Effect.bind("ref", () => Ref.make(options?.initial ?? initial<A, E, P>())),
+    Effect.bind("pubsub", () => PubSub.unbounded<Result<A, E, P>>()),
+    Effect.bind("fiber", ({ ref, pubsub }) => Effect.forkScoped(State<A, E, P>().pipe(
+        Effect.andThen(state => state.set(
            (isFinal(options?.initial) && hasWillRefreshFlag(options?.initial))
                ? refreshing(options.initial, options?.initialProgress) as Result<A, E, P>
-                : running(options?.initialProgress),
-        )
-        return yield* Effect.onExit(effect, exit => Effect.andThen(
-            Lens.set(state, fromExit(exit)),
-            Effect.forkScoped(PubSub.shutdown(pubsub)),
-        ))
-    }).pipe(
-        Effect.forkScoped,
-        Effect.provide(makeProgressLayer(state)),
-    )
-
-    return [state, fiber] as const
-})
+                : running(options?.initialProgress)
+        ).pipe(
+            Effect.andThen(effect),
+            Effect.onExit(exit => Effect.andThen(
+                state.set(fromExit(exit)),
+                Effect.forkScoped(PubSub.shutdown(pubsub)),
+            )),
+        )),
+        Effect.provide(Layer.empty.pipe(
+            Layer.provideMerge(makeProgressLayer<A, E, P>()),
+            Layer.provideMerge(Layer.succeed(State<A, E, P>(), {
+                get: Ref.get(ref),
+                set: v => Effect.andThen(Ref.set(ref, v), PubSub.publish(pubsub, v))
+            })),
+        )),
+    ))),
+    Effect.map(({ ref, pubsub, fiber }) => [
+        Subscribable.make({
+            get: Ref.get(ref),
+            changes: Stream.unwrapScoped(Effect.map(
+                Effect.all([Ref.get(ref), Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub, { scoped: true })]),
+                ([latest, stream]) => Stream.concat(Stream.make(latest), stream),
+            )),
+        }),
+        fiber,
+    ]),
+) as Effect.Effect<
+    readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
+    never,
+    Scope.Scope | unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
+>

 export namespace forkEffect {
    export type InputContext<R, P> = R extends Progress<infer X> ? [X] extends [P] ? R : never : R
-    export type OutputContext<R, P> = unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+    export type OutputContext<A, E, R, P> = unsafeForkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
    export interface Options<A, E, P> extends unsafeForkEffect.Options<A, E, P> {}
 }

@@ -264,6 +274,6 @@ export const forkEffect: {
    ): Effect.Effect<
        readonly [result: Subscribable.Subscribable<Result<A, E, P>, never, never>, fiber: Fiber.Fiber<A, E>],
        never,
-        Scope.Scope | forkEffect.OutputContext<R, P>
+        Scope.Scope | forkEffect.OutputContext<A, E, R, P>
    >
 } = unsafeForkEffect
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SetStateAction.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SetStateAction.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import type * as React from "react"


 export const value: {
-    <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S
    <S>(prevState: S): (self: React.SetStateAction<S>) => S
+    <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S
 } = Function.dual(2, <S>(self: React.SetStateAction<S>, prevState: S): S =>
    typeof self === "function"
        ? (self as (prevState: S) => S)(prevState)
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/Subscribable.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/Subscribable.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Subscribable } from "effect-lens"
+import { Effect, Equivalence, Stream, Subscribable } from "effect"
 import * as React from "react"
 import * as Component from "./Component.js"


-export * from "effect-lens/Subscribable"
-
 export const zipLatestAll = <const T extends readonly Subscribable.Subscribable<any, any, any>[]>(
    ...elements: T
 ): Subscribable.Subscribable<
@@ -51,3 +48,5 @@ export const useSubscribables = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <const T extends rea

    return reactStateValue as any
 })
+
+export * from "effect/Subscribable"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/SubscriptionSubRef.test.ts
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Chunk, Effect, Ref, SubscriptionRef } from "effect"
-import * as SubscriptionSubRef from "./SubscriptionSubRef.js"
-
-
-describe("SubscriptionSubRef with array refs", () => {
-    test("creates a subref for a single array element using path", async () => {
-        const value = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }, { name: "charlie" }]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "name"])
-                    return subref.get
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(value).toBe("bob")
-    })
-
-    test("modifies a single array element via subref", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }, { name: "charlie" }]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "name"])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, "bob-updated"),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result).toEqual([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob-updated" }, { name: "charlie" }])
-    })
-
-    test("modifies array element at index 0", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([10, 20, 30]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [0])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, 99),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result).toEqual([99, 20, 30])
-    })
-
-    test("modifies array element at last index", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make(["a", "b", "c"]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [2])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, "z"),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result).toEqual(["a", "b", "z"])
-    })
-
-    test("modifies nested array element", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, 0])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, 99),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result).toEqual([[1, 2], [99, 4], [5, 6]])
-    })
-
-    test("uses modifyEffect to transform array element", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([{ count: 1 }, { count: 2 }, { count: 3 }]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1, "count"])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.update(subref, count => count + 100),
-                        () => Effect.map(Ref.get(parent), parentValue => ({ result: 102, parentValue })),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result.result).toBe(102) // count + 100
-        expect(result.parentValue).toEqual([{ count: 1 }, { count: 102 }, { count: 3 }]) // count + 100
-    })
-
-    test("uses modify to transform array element", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([10, 20, 30]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [1])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.update(subref, x => x + 5),
-                        () => Effect.map(Ref.get(parent), parentValue => ({ result: 25, parentValue })),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result.result).toBe(25) // 20 + 5
-        expect(result.parentValue).toEqual([10, 25, 30]) // 20 + 5
-    })
-
-    test("makeFromChunkIndex modifies chunk element", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make(Chunk.make(100, 200, 300)),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromChunkIndex(parent, 1)
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, 999),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(Chunk.toReadonlyArray(result)).toEqual([100, 999, 300])
-    })
-
-    test("makeFromGetSet with custom getter/setter for array element", async () => {
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make([{ id: 1, value: "a" }, { id: 2, value: "b" }]),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromGetSet(parent, {
-                        get: arr => arr[0].value,
-                        set: (arr, newValue) => [
-                            { ...arr[0], value: newValue },
-                            ...arr.slice(1),
-                        ],
-                    })
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, "updated"),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(result).toEqual([{ id: 1, value: "updated" }, { id: 2, value: "b" }])
-    })
-
-    test("does not mutate original array when modifying via subref", async () => {
-        const original = [{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }]
-        const result = await Effect.runPromise(
-            Effect.flatMap(
-                SubscriptionRef.make(original),
-                parent => {
-                    const subref = SubscriptionSubRef.makeFromPath(parent, [0, "name"])
-                    return Effect.flatMap(
-                        Ref.set(subref, "alice-updated"),
-                        () => Ref.get(parent),
-                    )
-                },
-            ),
-        )
-
-        expect(original).toEqual([{ name: "alice" }, { name: "bob" }]) // original unchanged
-        expect(result).toEqual([{ name: "alice-updated" }, { name: "bob" }]) // new value in ref
-    })
-})
--- a/packages/effect-fc/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/src/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ export * as Async from "./Async.js"
 export * as Component from "./Component.js"
 export * as ErrorObserver from "./ErrorObserver.js"
 export * as Form from "./Form.js"
-export * as Lens from "./Lens.js"
 export * as Memoized from "./Memoized.js"
 export * as Mutation from "./Mutation.js"
 export * as PropertyPath from "./PropertyPath.js"
--- a/packages/effect-fc/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/effect-fc/tsconfig.json
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": false,

    // Build
-    "rootDir": "./src",
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "declaration": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
@@ -35,6 +34,5 @@
    ]
  },

-  "include": ["./src"],
-  "exclude": ["**/*.test.ts", "**/*.spec.ts"]
+  "include": ["./src"]
 }
--- a/packages/example/package.json
+++ b/packages/example/package.json
@@ -13,30 +13,30 @@
    "clean:modules": "rm -rf node_modules"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.168.3",
-    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.166.11",
-    "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.167.4",
-    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+    "@tanstack/react-router": "^1.154.12",
+    "@tanstack/react-router-devtools": "^1.154.12",
+    "@tanstack/router-plugin": "^1.154.12",
+    "@types/react": "^19.2.9",
    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
-    "globals": "^17.4.0",
-    "react": "^19.2.4",
-    "react-dom": "^19.2.4",
-    "type-fest": "^5.5.0",
-    "vite": "^8.0.2"
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^5.1.2",
+    "globals": "^17.0.0",
+    "react": "^19.2.3",
+    "react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+    "type-fest": "^5.4.1",
+    "vite": "^7.3.1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@effect/platform": "^0.96.0",
-    "@effect/platform-browser": "^0.76.0",
-    "@radix-ui/themes": "^3.3.0",
+    "@effect/platform": "^0.94.2",
+    "@effect/platform-browser": "^0.74.0",
+    "@radix-ui/themes": "^3.2.1",
    "@typed/id": "^0.17.2",
-    "effect": "^3.21.0",
+    "effect": "^3.19.15",
    "effect-fc": "workspace:*",
-    "react-icons": "^5.6.0"
+    "react-icons": "^5.5.0"
  },
  "overrides": {
-    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
-    "effect": "^3.21.0",
-    "react": "^19.2.4"
+    "@types/react": "^19.2.9",
+    "effect": "^3.19.15",
+    "react": "^19.2.3"
  }
 }
--- a/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView.tsx
@@ -1,22 +1,37 @@
-import { Callout, Flex, Spinner, TextField } from "@radix-ui/themes"
+import { Callout, Flex, Spinner, Switch, TextField } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { Array, Option, Struct } from "effect"
 import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"


-export declare namespace TextFieldFormInputView {
-    export interface Props extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "form">, Form.useInput.Options {
-        readonly form: Form.Form<readonly PropertyKey[], any, string>
-    }
+interface Props
+extends TextField.RootProps, Form.useInput.Options {
+    readonly optional?: false
+    readonly field: Form.FormField<any, string>
 }

-export class TextFieldFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(function*(
-    props: TextFieldFormInputView.Props
-) {
-    const input = yield* Form.useInput(props.form, props)
+interface OptionalProps
+extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "optional" | "defaultValue">, Form.useOptionalInput.Options<string> {
+    readonly optional: true
+    readonly field: Form.FormField<any, Option.Option<string>>
+}
+
+export type TextFieldFormInputProps = Props | OptionalProps
+
+
+export class TextFieldFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldFormInputView")(function*(props: TextFieldFormInputProps) {
+    const input: (
+        | { readonly optional: true } & Form.useOptionalInput.Success<string>
+        | { readonly optional: false } & Form.useInput.Success<string>
+    ) = props.optional
+        // biome-ignore lint/correctness/useHookAtTopLevel: "optional" reactivity not supported
+        ? { optional: true, ...yield* Form.useOptionalInput(props.field, props) }
+        // biome-ignore lint/correctness/useHookAtTopLevel: "optional" reactivity not supported
+        : { optional: false, ...yield* Form.useInput(props.field, props) }
+
    const [issues, isValidating, isSubmitting] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
-        props.form.issues,
-        props.form.isValidating,
-        props.form.isSubmitting,
+        props.field.issues,
+        props.field.isValidating,
+        props.field.isSubmitting,
    ])

    return (
@@ -24,9 +39,19 @@ export class TextFieldFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldFormInputVi
            <TextField.Root
                value={input.value}
                onChange={e => input.setValue(e.target.value)}
-                disabled={isSubmitting}
-                {...Struct.omit(props, "form")}
+                disabled={(input.optional && !input.enabled) || isSubmitting}
+                {...Struct.omit(props, "optional", "defaultValue")}
            >
+                {input.optional &&
+                    <TextField.Slot side="left">
+                        <Switch
+                            size="1"
+                            checked={input.enabled}
+                            onCheckedChange={input.setEnabled}
+                        />
+                    </TextField.Slot>
+                }
+
                {isValidating &&
                    <TextField.Slot side="right">
                        <Spinner />
--- a/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.tsx
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import { Callout, Flex, Spinner, Switch, TextField } from "@radix-ui/themes"
-import { Array, Option, Struct } from "effect"
-import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
-
-
-export declare namespace TextFieldOptionalFormInputView {
-    export interface Props extends Omit<TextField.RootProps, "form" | "defaultValue">, Form.useOptionalInput.Options<string> {
-        readonly form: Form.Form<readonly PropertyKey[], any, Option.Option<string>>
-    }
-}
-
-export class TextFieldOptionalFormInputView extends Component.make("TextFieldOptionalFormInputView")(function*(
-    props: TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.Props
-) {
-    const input = yield* Form.useOptionalInput(props.form, props)
-    const [issues, isValidating, isSubmitting] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
-        props.form.issues,
-        props.form.isValidating,
-        props.form.isSubmitting,
-    ])
-
-    return (
-        <Flex direction="column" gap="1">
-            <TextField.Root
-                value={input.value}
-                onChange={e => input.setValue(e.target.value)}
-                disabled={!input.enabled || isSubmitting}
-                {...Struct.omit(props, "form", "defaultValue")}
-            >
-                <TextField.Slot side="left">
-                    <Switch
-                        size="1"
-                        checked={input.enabled}
-                        onCheckedChange={input.setEnabled}
-                    />
-                </TextField.Slot>
-
-                {isValidating &&
-                    <TextField.Slot side="right">
-                        <Spinner />
-                    </TextField.Slot>
-                }
-
-                {props.children}
-            </TextField.Root>
-
-            {Option.match(Array.head(issues), {
-                onSome: issue => (
-                    <Callout.Root>
-                        <Callout.Text>{issue.message}</Callout.Text>
-                    </Callout.Root>
-                ),
-
-                onNone: () => <></>,
-            })}
-        </Flex>
-    )
-}) {}
--- a/packages/example/src/routes/form.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/routes/form.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
-import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
-import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
-import { runtime } from "@/runtime"
 import { Button, Container, Flex, Text } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router"
 import { Console, Effect, Match, Option, ParseResult, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
+import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
+import { runtime } from "@/runtime"


 const email = Schema.pattern<typeof Schema.String>(
@@ -40,47 +39,38 @@ const RegisterFormSubmitSchema = Schema.Struct({
 })

 class RegisterFormService extends Effect.Service<RegisterFormService>()("RegisterFormService", {
-    scoped: Effect.gen(function*() {
-        const form = yield* Form.service({
-            schema: RegisterFormSchema.pipe(
-                Schema.compose(
-                    Schema.transformOrFail(
-                        Schema.typeSchema(RegisterFormSchema),
-                        Schema.typeSchema(RegisterFormSchema),
-                        {
-                            decode: v => Effect.andThen(Effect.sleep("500 millis"), ParseResult.succeed(v)),
-                            encode: ParseResult.succeed,
-                        },
-                    ),
+    scoped: Form.service({
+        schema: RegisterFormSchema.pipe(
+            Schema.compose(
+                Schema.transformOrFail(
+                    Schema.typeSchema(RegisterFormSchema),
+                    Schema.typeSchema(RegisterFormSchema),
+                    {
+                        decode: v => Effect.andThen(Effect.sleep("500 millis"), ParseResult.succeed(v)),
+                        encode: ParseResult.succeed,
+                    },
                ),
            ),
+        ),

-            initialEncodedValue: { email: "", password: "", birth: Option.none() },
-            f: Effect.fnUntraced(function*([value]) {
-                yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis")
-                return yield* Schema.decode(RegisterFormSubmitSchema)(value)
-            }),
-        })
-
-        return {
-            form,
-            emailField: Form.focusObjectField(form, "email"),
-            passwordField: Form.focusObjectField(form, "password"),
-            birthField: Form.focusObjectField(form, "birth"),
-        } as const
+        initialEncodedValue: { email: "", password: "", birth: Option.none() },
+        f: Effect.fnUntraced(function*([value]) {
+            yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis")
+            return yield* Schema.decode(RegisterFormSubmitSchema)(value)
+        }),
+        debounce: "500 millis",
    })
 }) {}

 class RegisterFormView extends Component.make("RegisterFormView")(function*() {
    const form = yield* RegisterFormService
    const [canSubmit, submitResult] = yield* Subscribable.useSubscribables([
-        form.form.canSubmit,
-        form.form.mutation.result,
+        form.canSubmit,
+        form.mutation.result,
    ])

    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise()
    const TextFieldFormInput = yield* TextFieldFormInputView.use
-    const TextFieldOptionalFormInput = yield* TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.use

    yield* Component.useOnMount(() => Effect.gen(function*() {
        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => Console.log("RegisterFormView unmounted"))
@@ -92,22 +82,21 @@ class RegisterFormView extends Component.make("RegisterFormView")(function*() {
        <Container width="300">
            <form onSubmit={e => {
                e.preventDefault()
-                void runPromise(form.form.submit)
+                void runPromise(form.submit)
            }}>
                <Flex direction="column" gap="2">
                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={form.emailField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
+                        field={yield* form.field(["email"])}
                    />

                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={form.passwordField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
+                        field={yield* form.field(["password"])}
                    />

-                    <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
+                    <TextFieldFormInput
+                        optional
                        type="datetime-local"
-                        form={form.birthField}
+                        field={yield* form.field(["birth"])}
                        defaultValue=""
                    />

--- a/packages/example/src/todo/TodoView.tsx
+++ b/packages/example/src/todo/TodoView.tsx
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-import * as Domain from "@/domain"
-import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
-import { TextFieldOptionalFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldOptionalFormInputView"
-import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
 import { Box, Button, Flex, IconButton } from "@radix-ui/themes"
 import { GetRandomValues, makeUuid4 } from "@typed/id"
 import { Chunk, type DateTime, Effect, Match, Option, Ref, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Component, Form, Lens, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
+import { Component, Form, Subscribable } from "effect-fc"
 import { FaArrowDown, FaArrowUp } from "react-icons/fa"
 import { FaDeleteLeft } from "react-icons/fa6"
+import * as Domain from "@/domain"
+import { TextFieldFormInputView } from "@/lib/form/TextFieldFormInputView"
+import { DateTimeUtcFromZonedInput } from "@/lib/schema"
 import { TodosState } from "./TodosState"


@@ -59,19 +58,20 @@ export class TodoView extends Component.make("TodoView")(function*(props: TodoPr
                Match.tag("new", () => Ref.update(state.ref, Chunk.prepend(todo)).pipe(
                    Effect.andThen(makeTodo),
                    Effect.andThen(Schema.encode(TodoFormSchema)),
-                    Effect.andThen(v => Lens.set(form.encodedValue, v)),
+                    Effect.andThen(v => Ref.set(form.encodedValue, v)),
                )),
                Match.tag("edit", ({ id }) => Ref.set(state.getElementRef(id), todo)),
                Match.exhaustive,
            ),
            autosubmit: props._tag === "edit",
+            debounce: "250 millis",
        })

        return [
            indexRef,
            form,
-            Form.focusObjectField(form, "content"),
-            Form.focusObjectField(form, "completedAt"),
+            yield* form.field(["content"]),
+            yield* form.field(["completedAt"]),
        ] as const
    }), [props._tag, props._tag === "edit" ? props.id : undefined])

@@ -84,21 +84,18 @@ export class TodoView extends Component.make("TodoView")(function*(props: TodoPr
    const runSync = yield* Component.useRunSync()
    const runPromise = yield* Component.useRunPromise<DateTime.CurrentTimeZone>()
    const TextFieldFormInput = yield* TextFieldFormInputView.use
-    const TextFieldOptionalFormInput = yield* TextFieldOptionalFormInputView.use


    return (
        <Flex direction="row" align="center" gap="2">
            <Box flexGrow="1">
                <Flex direction="column" align="stretch" gap="2">
-                    <TextFieldFormInput
-                        form={contentField}
-                        debounce="250 millis"
-                    />
+                    <TextFieldFormInput field={contentField} />

                    <Flex direction="row" justify="center" align="center" gap="2">
-                        <TextFieldOptionalFormInput
-                            form={completedAtField}
+                        <TextFieldFormInput
+                            optional
+                            field={completedAtField}
                            type="datetime-local"
                            defaultValue=""
                        />
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Julien Valverdé	32e43707b6	Merge branch 'next' into docs All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 14s Details	2026-03-11 21:53:17 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2457b1c536	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-11 21:42:19 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	3cb3f6d103	Update docs All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-11 21:20:20 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	46d7aacc69	Add comments All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 16s Details	2026-03-10 20:51:04 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2f118c5f98	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-10 20:49:13 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	0ba00a0b4f	Make nonReactiveTags a Component option All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-10 20:48:31 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	c644f8c44b	Fix Async docs All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-10 19:46:44 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	6917c72101	Add comments All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-10 03:18:45 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	9b3ce62d3e	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-10 02:43:33 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	8b69d4e500	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-10 02:35:43 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	a9c0590b7c	Fix Async example All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 41s Details	2026-03-10 02:22:17 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	b63d1ab2c7	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 32s Details	2026-03-09 20:21:18 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	df86af839e	Fix Async All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-07 19:45:23 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	dbe42aadb1	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 42s Details	2026-03-05 11:39:51 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	355e179fbd	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-03 16:48:27 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	8dd40d3365	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-03 15:39:38 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	929f835e94	Restore Async All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-03 15:35:23 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	1f47887643	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-03 13:47:48 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	3794f56a86	Async example All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 11s Details	2026-03-03 13:37:27 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	7f8f91bfc5	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-03 13:20:19 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	45b38d6c1f	Refactor Async All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-03-03 13:17:47 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2080d35b2c	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 40s Details	2026-03-02 04:02:21 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	346ba9066b	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 44s Details	2026-03-01 14:34:50 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	6a6733dc8a	Refactor Query Some checks failed Lint / lint (push) Failing after 12s Details	2026-02-28 03:07:10 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	f8a1220f29	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-27 14:53:50 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	b3fe4a0946	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 17s Details	2026-02-27 14:44:54 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2766e86f5d	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-27 14:14:54 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	21028fd75b	Refactor All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-27 13:21:56 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	8e81ec85de	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-27 10:49:54 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	97246845da	useContext -> useContextFromLayer All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-27 10:45:08 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2c78b17f52	Update comments Some checks failed Lint / lint (push) Failing after 1m4s Details	2026-02-27 10:16:52 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	6c14495693	Improve comments All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 13s Details	2026-02-25 22:33:18 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	93156736d7	Merge branch 'next' into docs All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 15s Details	2026-02-25 03:19:55 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	a73da25b8c	Fix All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 12s Details	2026-02-25 03:18:24 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	d0bc4e4903	Refactor Component All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 43s Details	2026-02-25 03:09:51 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	19527856fb	Add doc intro All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 15s Details	2026-02-24 01:54:17 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	2dc7381b3c	Add docs package All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 44s Details	2026-02-24 01:07:59 +01:00
Renovate Bot	0ae55bd02c	Update dependency @effect/language-service to ^0.75.0 (#34 ) All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 14s Details This PR contains the following updates: \| Package \| Change \| [Age](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| [Confidence](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [@effect/language-service](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service) \| [`^0.72.0` → `^0.75.0`](https://renovatebot.com/diffs/npm/@effect%2flanguage-service/0.72.1/0.75.1) \| ![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/npm/@effect%2flanguage-service/0.75.1?slim=true) \| ![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/npm/@effect%2flanguage-service/0.72.1/0.75.1?slim=true) \| --- ### Release Notes <details> <summary>Effect-TS/language-service (@effect/language-service)</summary> ### [`v0.75.1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/releases/tag/%40effect/language-service%400.75.1) [Compare Source](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/compare/@effect/language-service@0.75.0...@effect/language-service@0.75.1) ##### Patch Changes - [#647](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/647) [`489e3f0`](`489e3f0572`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Expose diagnostic quick fixes as refactoring actions to work around TypeScript's limited quick fix handling in some contexts - [#650](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/650) [`6f568cf`](`6f568cf37a`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Fix TypeParser to skip types with generic call signatures. When parsing covariant, contravariant, or invariant types, signatures with type parameters are now correctly rejected instead of being treated as concrete types. - [#649](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/649) [`5858fd1`](`5858fd1d87`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Performance improvements: replace `Nano.gen` with `Nano.fn` named functions across diagnostics, refactors, and code generation modules for better performance tracking and reduced runtime overhead. Add conditional `debugPerformance` flag to avoid unnecessary timing collection when not debugging. ### [`v0.75.0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/releases/tag/%40effect/language-service%400.75.0) [Compare Source](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/compare/@effect/language-service@0.74.0...@effect/language-service@0.75.0) ##### Minor Changes - [#645](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/645) [`a8a7d33`](`a8a7d33f3a`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Add `ServiceMap.Service` class completion for Effect v4, and fix Schema class completions for v4 (`TaggedErrorClass`, `TaggedClass` now available, `ErrorClass` fully-qualified form fixed, `RequestClass` removed) ### [`v0.74.0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/releases/tag/%40effect/language-service%400.74.0) [Compare Source](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/compare/@effect/language-service@0.73.1...@effect/language-service@0.74.0) ##### Minor Changes - [#641](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/641) [`693e5a5`](`693e5a5ef2`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Added Effect v4 support for diagnostics, refactors, and piping features. Diagnostics: - `multipleEffectProvide`: Warns when multiple `Effect.provide` calls are chained, suggesting consolidation - `strictEffectProvide`: Warns when using `Effect.provide` with Layer outside of application entry points - `missingLayerContext`: Detects missing Layer context requirements - `deterministicKeys`: Extended to support `ServiceMap.Service` patterns - `leakingRequirements`: Extended to detect leaking requirements in ServiceMap services - `schemaSyncInEffect`: Updated with v4-specific method mappings (e.g., `decodeSync` -> `decodeEffect`) Refactors: - `layerMagic`: Automatically compose and build layers based on service dependencies - `structuralTypeToSchema`: Convert TypeScript interfaces and type aliases to Effect Schema classes - `makeSchemaOpaque`: Enhanced for v4 with support for `Codec`, `DecodingServices`, and `EncodingServices` types - `typeToEffectSchema`: Enhanced to support Effect v4 schema patterns Piping: - Added pipe transformation support for Effect v4 including `Effect.fn`, nested pipes, and function call conversions ##### Patch Changes - [#643](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/643) [`68f6d12`](`68f6d120ad`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Disable `schemaUnionOfLiterals` diagnostic for Effect v4, as `Schema.Union` of multiple `Schema.Literal` calls is no longer applicable in v4. ### [`v0.73.1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/releases/tag/%40effect/language-service%400.73.1) [Compare Source](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/compare/@effect/language-service@0.73.0...@effect/language-service@0.73.1) ##### Patch Changes - [#639](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/639) [`ff72045`](`ff72045531`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Add wildcard (``) support for `@effect-diagnostics` comment directives. You can now use `` as a rule name to apply a severity override to all diagnostics at once, e.g. `@effect-diagnostics :off` disables all Effect diagnostics from that point on. Rule-specific overrides still take precedence over wildcard overrides. ### [`v0.73.0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/releases/tag/%40effect/language-service%400.73.0) [Compare Source](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/compare/@effect/language-service@0.72.1...@effect/language-service@0.73.0) ##### Minor Changes - [#637](https://github.com/Effect-TS/language-service/pull/637) [`616c2cc`](`616c2cc21c`) Thanks [@mattiamanzati](https://github.com/mattiamanzati)! - Add Effect v4 completions support - Detect installed Effect version (v3 or v4) and conditionally enable version-specific completions - Add `Schema.ErrorClass` and `Schema.RequestClass` completions for Effect v4 - Disable v3-only completions (`Effect.Service`, `Effect.Tag`, `Schema.TaggedError`, `Schema.TaggedClass`, `Schema.TaggedRequest`, `Context.Tag` self, `Rpc.make` classes, `Schema.brand`, `Model.Class`) when Effect v4 is detected - Support lowercase `taggedEnum` in addition to `TaggedEnum` for v4 API compatibility </details> --- ### Configuration 📅 Schedule: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined). 🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. ♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox. 🔕 Ignore*: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again. --- - [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box --- This PR has been generated by [Renovate Bot](https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate). <!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0My4zLjQiLCJ1cGRhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0My4yNy4wIiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoibmV4dCIsImxhYmVscyI6W119--> Reviewed-on: #34 Co-authored-by: Renovate Bot <renovate-bot@valverde.cloud> Co-committed-by: Renovate Bot <renovate-bot@valverde.cloud>	2026-02-23 23:32:07 +01:00
Julien Valverdé	bb044e766d	Fix README All checks were successful Lint / lint (push) Successful in 58s Details	2026-01-23 01:55:10 +01:00